Figure 1. Mitochondrial quality control.

The key events associated with mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy affecting the mitochondrial quality control to counteract the mitochondrial injury and maintain homeostasis. Under normal physiological conditions, the mitochondria are usually tabulated (A) however any stress response induces mitochondrial injury and causes mitochondrial impairment (B). The impaired part of the mitochondria is segregated by the fission process (C). The impaired mitochondria are selectively flagged by the PINK1 (D) that subsequently recruit Parkin and induce mitophagy (E). All the repaired mitochondria are recruited to the functional mitochondrial network and fused with other mitochondria (F). The factors that orchestrate the fission, fusion and mitophagy activities are shown in the inset.