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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2015 Apr 1;58(2):396–409. doi: 10.1044/2015_JSLHR-L-14-0134

Table 3.

Information about the distribution of obligatory contexts for each morpheme across sentence position and allomorph contexts.

Medial Final All Positions
Morpheme -s -z -iz All -s -z -iz All All Allomorphs
Plural M (SD) 1.56 (0.73) 2 (1.62) 2.31 (1.74) 2.25 (2.17) 4 (3.15) 1 (0) 4.85 (4.19) 5.9 (5.15)
range 0–3 0–8 0–8 0–9 0–14 0–1 0–22 0–29
N 9 23 26 20 44 2 46 48
Possessive M (SD) 1 (0) 1.92 (1.56) 1.79 (1.48) 4.25 (5.85) 4.25 (5.85) 2.62 (4.38)
range 0–1 0–5 0–5 0–13 0–13 0–18
N 2 12 14 4 4 16
Copula M (SD) 8.02 (6.91) 2.74 (1.83) 3.94 (4.88) 12.56 (10.69) 1.29 (0.76) 1.29 (0.76) 13.26 (11.58)
range 0–33 0–7 0–25 0–45 0–3 0–3 0–51
N 49 34 36 50 7 7 50
Auxiliary M (SD) 2.08 (1.61) 2.59 (2.45) 1.17 (0.41) 2.79 (2.82) 2.79 (2.82)
range 0–5 0–11 0–2 0–12 0–12
N 13 17 6 28 28
3rd Singular M (SD) 1.47 (0.99) 1.56 (0.86) 1 (0) 2.08 (1.63) 1 (NA) 1 (0) 1 (0) 2.11 (1.65)
range 0–4 0–4 0–1 0–7 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–7
N 15 18 2 25 1 5 5 27
All Morphemes M (SD) 9.35 (7.80) 5.44 (4.83) 4.19 (5.05) 16.53 (13.24) 2.3 (2.18) 4.38 (3.51) 1.22 (0.67) 5.52 (4.95) 22.02 (17.25)
range 0–34 0–21 0–26 1–56 0–9 0–14 0–3 0–23 4–74
N 49 43 36 51 20 45 9 46 51

Note: The mean (M) and standard deviation (SD) of opportunities was calculated using only those (N) children who had at least 1 obligatory context available. The range includes all children. The distribution of values reflects the natural distribution of contexts in English (e.g., auxiliary is rarely heard utterance finally, even in adult speech).