Table 2.

Unadjusted and Adjusted Hazard Ratios for Linkage to CD4 Count among Methadone Clients Living with HIV in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (N=148)

	Unadjusted HR (95% CI)	p-value	Adjusted HR (95% CI)	p-value
Demographics
Female	1.27 (0.78, 2.06)	0.339	1.15 (0.69, 1.91)	0.600
> 30 years of age	0.76 (0.46, 1.25)	0.281
Less than primary education	1.54 (1.02, 2.32)	0.039	1.62 (1.05, 2.51)	0.024
Has at least one child	0.87 (0.59, 1.29)	0.483
Married	0.99 (0.53, 1.84)	0.965
Sexual Risk Factors
Multiple Sex Partners in last 6 months	0.66 (0.40, 1.09)	0.102
Risky Sex in last 6 months1	1.28 (0.88, 1.86)	0.195
Injection Risk Factors
Years of Heroin Use
0 to 10	ref.
11 to 20	0.86 (0.58, 1.28)	0.13
Over 20	0.56 (0.27, 1.19)
Flash-blood2	0.98 (0.56, 1.70)	0.937
Share Needles at Last Injection	1.32 (0.81, 2.15)	0.258	1.43 (0.85, 2.42)	0.181
Share other Equipment at Last Injection	1.20 (0.74, 1.94)	0.461
Polysubstance Use (heroin with alcohol, cocaine, or benzodiazepine)	0.95 (0.63, 1.43)	0.794
Mental Health
Depression in Last 30 Days	0.87 (0.54, 1.40)	0.576
Anxiety in Last 30 Days	0.83 (0.50, 1.36)	0.455
History of Abuse
Any History of Physical Abuse	1.08 (0.58, 2.03)	0.803
Any History of Sexual Abuse	2.16 (0.68, 6.86)	0.191	2.37 (0.68, 8.28)	0.175
Other Factors
High initial methadone dose (≥85mg)	1.72 (1.10, 2.67)	0.017	1.68 (1.03, 2.74)	0.036
Self-reported “poor” health	1.24 (0.85, 1.79)	0.26	1.96 (1.09, 3.51)†	0.024
Ever been arrested	0.67 (0.46, 0.98)	0.037	0.56 (0.37, 0.85)	0.007
Received HIV test within one month of MAT initiation	1.39 (0.95, 2.0)	0.088
HIV first test upon re-initiation (after defaulting)	0.61 (0.23, 1.67)	0.34

^†Time-varying effects found. Effects were attenuated after 30 days of methadone (aHR >30 days: 1.26 (0.72, 2.20), p-value 0.423)

¹Vaginal or anal intercourse with no or inconsistent condom use

²Injecting blood from another drug user who has recently injected heroin

³Self-reported exposures

⁴General health indicator from SF-12