Table 2.
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), total energy intake, dietary vitamin D intake from food, vitamin D intake from supplements, total vitamin D intake (diet + supplements combined) and dietary calcium intake by ethnicity among urban schoolchildren (n 145), Somerville, MA, USA, January–April 2010
| Total (n 145) |
White (n 55) |
Hispanic (n 47) |
Black (n 12) |
Asian (n 15) |
Multi-racial/other (n 16) |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | P | |
| 25(OH)D (ng/ml)* | 16·0 | 6·5 | 17·9 | 4·6 | 14·6‖ | 6·1 | 13·4 | 3·6 | 14·6 | 6·1 | 16·6 | 12·0 | 0·004¶ |
| Deficient (<20 ng/ml) (%)† | 83·4 | 74·5 | 87·2 | 100·0 | 93·3 | 81·3 | 0·13 | ||||||
| Total energy (kJ/d)‡ | 6180 | 3389 | 5407 | 2510 | 6569 | 3875 | 7392 | 4112 | 5502 | 2246 | 7428 | 4297 | 0·10 |
| Dietary vitamin D (µg/d)*,§ | 3·5 | 2·2 | 4·0 | 2·5 | 3·4 | 2·2 | 3·1 | 1·7 | 3·0 | 1·5 | 3·0 | 2·3 | 0·36 |
| Vitamin D from supplements (µg/d)*,§ (n 25) | 1·2 | 3·1 | 1·3 | 3·2 | 1·3 | 3·2 | 1·9 | 3·9 | 1·3 | 3·5 | 0·2 | 0·7 | 0·65 |
| Total vitamin D (µg/d)*,§ (n 25) | 4·8 | 4·0 | 5·3 | 4·5 | 4·7 | 3·9 | 5·0 | 3·6 | 4·4 | 4·0 | 3·2 | 2·6 | 0·45 |
| Dietary Ca (mg/d) | 711 | 382 | 748 | 410 | 724 | 417 | 707 | 314 | 592 | 204 | 667 | 364 | 0·70 |
*
Analysed with one-way ANOVA test.
†
Analysed with the Pearson χ2 test.
‡
To convert to kcal, divide kJ by 4·184.
§
To convert to IU, multiply µg by 40.
‖
Mean value was significantly different from that of whites (P< 0·01, ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni).
¶
One-way ANOVA test for 25(OH)D was calculated with the natural log-transformed variable.