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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Jul 14.
Published in final edited form as: J Neurosci. 2008 Jun 4;28(23):6022–6029. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0080-08.2008

Figure 1.

Figure 1

A: Example of spinal cord motor evoked responses to epidural stimulation (ES) at S1 in the medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscle in a spinal cord transected rat during standing (single shock, ES-single; upper traces) compared to stepping (40 Hz stimulation, ES-40 Hz; lower traces) on a treadmill at 7 cm/s. The potentials marked as ER (early response) have been shown to be a directly evoked potential that becomes prominent at higher stimulation voltages as was used for the single shock during standing (see Gerasimenko et al., 2007; Lavrov et al., 2006). The potentials marked as MR (middle response) have the characteristics of a monosynaptic response. The potentials marked as LR (late response) show a one peak to a single shock and a sequence of peaks (labeled 1–7) during 40-Hz stimulation. B: Latency of the MR and LR in the MG and TA muscles during stepping on a treadmill. The number of peaks (1 to 7) in the LR in A corresponds to the latency for each peak of the LR in B. The mean latency of each time bin was significantly greater than the previous time bin. These delays were not significantly different between the TA and MG. The means (± SEM) for each of the 7 time bins were derived from evoked potentials of 10 bursts from 9 rats.