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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Apr 15.
Published in final edited form as: Bioscience. 2014 Dec 1;64(12):1092–1102. doi: 10.1093/biosci/biu181

Figure 1.

Figure 1

An image based on the sketch of the stages of an avoiding reaction drawn by Jennings (1906). Anterior mechanical stimulation by a cell swimming into an object leads to depolarization, opening of the Cav channels of the cilia, movement of the cell backward for a short time, twirling in place, and forward movement of the cell in a new direction. Depolarization by ionic stimuli causes the same avoiding reaction behavior. From Figure 5 of Eckert R (1972) “Bioelectric control of ciliary activity.” Science 176: 473–481, copyright 1972, with permission from Science.