TABLE 1.

Description of Included Studies

First Author	Mean Age of Participants, Years	Sample, No.	% White	Cancer Stage	Medicaid or Medicare	Data Source	Type of ET	Dependent Variable	Analysis	Racial Comparators	Years of Data Collection	Setting
Ashing-Giwa77	NR	Patient, 102; provider, 20	Patient, 12; provider, 20	0–IV	Neither	Qualitative: interviews and focus groups	Breast cancer care (including ET)	NA	Qualitative	African American, Asian American, Latina, Caucasian	NR	UCLA community
Bhatta78	58	197	69	I–III	Neither	Survey and medical record review	Tamoxifen, AIs	Adherence, persistence	Multivariable logistic regression	White, Black	NR	University of Chicago Hospital
Bickell79	60	677	49	I–II	Neither	Medical record review	Breast cancer care (including ET)	Initiation	Multivariable logistic regression	White, Black, Hispanic, Asian, unknown	1999 and 2000 (diagnoses), 2002– 2004 (abstraction)	6 NYC hospitals
Friese80	59	743	48	I–III	Neither	Survey and SEER Registry	Tamoxifen, AIs	Initiation, persistence	Multivariable logistic regression	White, Black, Latina	Time of diagnosis, survey 4 y after diagnosis	Multisite: LA and Detroit sites
Kimmick60	67	1 491	59	I–III	Medicaid	NC Central Tumor Registry and Medicaid claims	Tamoxifen, AIs	Initiation, adherence, persistence	Multivariate logistic regression	White, other	1998–2002	NC Medicaid
Liu81	51	303	34	I–III	Medicaid	Survey	Tamoxifen, AIs	Persistence	Multivariate logistic regression	Less acculturated Latina, more acculturated Latina, and other	2003–2005 enrollment	CA Medicaid
Livaudais82	59	13 753	76	I–III	Neither	SEER Registry, KPNC claims, and US Census	Tamoxifen, AIs	Initiation	Multivariable logistic regression	Hispanic, African American, Chinese, Japanese, Filipino, and South Asian vs WNH	1996–2007	Multisite, KPNC
Livaudais83	69	3 575	92	I–III	Neither	WHI Extension Survey	Tamoxifen, AIs	Initiation, persistence	Multivariable logistic regression	Hispanic, African American, Asian/Pacific Islander vs WNH	2009–2010	Multisite, parent study (WHI)
Livaudais84	Phase 1 = 49; phase 2 = 50	Phase 1 = 731; phase 2 = 654	Phase 1 = 58; phase 2 = NA	I–III	Neither	NCBCF Registry and self-report	Tamoxifen, AIs	Initiation	Multivariable logistic regression	African American, Hispanic, WNH vs Asian American	1995–1998 (phase 1) or 1998–2003 (phase 2)	Multisite, NCBCF Registry
Partridge19	75	2 378	83	0–III	Medicaid	NJ cancer registry and Medicaid claims	Tamoxifen	Adherence	Unconditional logistic regression	White, non-White	1991–1995	NJ Medicaid and NJ PAAD program
Reeder- Hayes85	NR	2 640	89	I–III	Neither	NC Central Tumor Registry and Claims: ICISS	Tamoxifen, AIs	Initiation	Generalized estimating equations; Cox proportional hazards	White, Black	2004–2009	Multisite: NC Registry
Riley22	NR	15 542	81	I–IV	Medicare	SEER Registry and Medicare claims	Tamoxifen, AIs	Adherence	Multivariable logistic regression	WNH, WH, Black, other or unknown	2003–2005 (time of diagnosis), 2006– 2007 (time of ET use)	Multisite
Shelton86	NR	1 145	69	I–III	Neither	Survey and medical record review	Breast cancer care (including hormonal therapy)	Treatment decision- making	χ2 test and analysis of variance	White, Black, Hispanic, Asian, other	2006–2010	Multisite: Detroit, NYC, Northern CA (KPNC)
Wheeler87	49	222	47	0–II	Medicaid	NC Central Tumor Registry and Medicaid claims	Tamoxifen, AIs	Initiation	Multivariable logistic regression	White, Black, other	2004–2007	NC Medicaid

Note. AI = aromatase inhibitor; CA = California; ET = endocrine therapy; ICISS = Integrated Cancer Information Surveillance System; KPNC = Kaiser Permanente Northern California; LA = Los Angeles; NA = not applicable; NC = North Carolina; NCBCF = Northern California Breast Cancer Family Registry; NJ = New Jersey; NR = not reported; NYC = New York City; PAAD = Pharmaceutical Assistance to the Aged and Disabled; SEER = Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results; UCLA = University of California, Los Angeles; WH = White Hispanic; WHI = Women’s Health Initiative; WNH = White, non-Hispanic.