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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jun 16.

Published in final edited form as: Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2014 Sep 21;240(2):145–155. doi: 10.1177/1535370214549531

Gene structure and annotation for GRIN1 (a), GRIN2A (b), and GRIN2B (c). Data are from the University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC) Genome Browser. Panel (a): the human GRIN1 gene has seven transcripts. At the 5′ end, there is a high methylation region with high density of H3K27Ac (a histone modification mark), and a CpG island. Interestingly, this critical region contains six conserved transcription factor binding sites including CREB that may involve the mechanism of neuroplasticity and addiction. A long RNA is identified across this region. Within this region, 13 common SNPs are identified. The SNP rs11146020 maps close to this region and was found associated with schizophrenia in some studies; Panel (b): GRIN2A has four transcripts. A possible regulatory region is located in intron 7. The region contains a high density of H3K27Ac marks, multiple conserved transcription factor binding sites, long RNA sequence found by ENCODE. A (TC)17 polymorphism is identified within this region; (c) GRIN2B has one mRNA transcript. The second intron has a high density of histone modification marks with conserved transcription factor binding sites, suggesting a potential regulation region. Multiple microsatellite polymorphisms are identified in GRIN2B. (A color version of this figure is available in the online journal.)

Gene structure and annotation for GRIN1 (a), GRIN2A (b), and GRIN2B (c). Data are from the University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC) Genome Browser. Panel (a): the human GRIN1 gene has seven transcripts. At the 5′ end, there is a high methylation region with high density of H3K27Ac (a histone modification mark), and a CpG island. Interestingly, this critical region contains six conserved transcription factor binding sites including CREB that may involve the mechanism of neuroplasticity and addiction. A long RNA is identified across this region. Within this region, 13 common SNPs are identified. The SNP rs11146020 maps close to this region and was found associated with schizophrenia in some studies; Panel (b): GRIN2A has four transcripts. A possible regulatory region is located in intron 7. The region contains a high density of H3K27Ac marks, multiple conserved transcription factor binding sites, long RNA sequence found by ENCODE. A (TC)17 polymorphism is identified within this region; (c) GRIN2B has one mRNA transcript. The second intron has a high density of histone modification marks with conserved transcription factor binding sites, suggesting a potential regulation region. Multiple microsatellite polymorphisms are identified in GRIN2B. (A color version of this figure is available in the online journal.)