Table 9.
Regression of evaluative well-being measure on demographic and socioeconomic status variables
| Gallup | SWLS items |
SWLS |
ONS | SHARE | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ideal life | Excellent cond. |
Satisfied | Important things |
Change life | Factor | Average | Satisfied | Satisfied | ||
| Male | 0.00202 (0.0674) |
−0.0161 (0.0610) |
0.0409 (0.0599) |
−0.00260 (0.0613) |
−0.126** (0.0583) |
−0.211*** (0.0716) |
−0.0332 (0.0345) |
−0.0612 (0.0537) |
−0.0002 (0.0745) |
−0.00910 (0.0266) |
| With partner |
0.459*** (0.0805) |
0.325*** (0.0718) |
0.313*** (0.0695) |
0.407*** (0.0715) |
0.588*** (0.0696) |
0.441*** (0.0801) |
0.268*** (0.0403) |
0.420*** (0.0625) |
0.526*** (0.0881) |
0.191*** (0.0313) |
| Other | −0.195 (0.199) |
−0.378** (0.182) |
−0.339** (0.171) |
−0.358** (0.182) |
−0.313* (0.165) |
0.0516 (0.182) |
−0.185* (0.100) |
−0.269* (0.155) |
−0.271 (0.217) |
−0.214*** (0.0769) |
| Black | 0.342*** (0.124) |
0.182* (0.105) |
0.0891 (0.104) |
0.228** (0.107) |
−0.102 (0.104) |
0.0837 (0.116) |
0.0648 (0.0567) |
0.0979 (0.0878) |
0.489*** (0.130) |
0.123*** (0.0467) |
| Hispanic | 0.327** (0.130) |
0.267** (0.106) |
0.309*** (0.111) |
0.223** (0.112) |
0.144 (0.110) | 0.206* (0.120) |
0.140** (0.0630) |
0.215** (0.0972) |
0.362** (0.145) |
0.0754 (0.0493) |
| No HS | 0.160 (0.226) | 0.115 (0.183) | −0.0283 (0.186) |
0.0275 (0.203) |
−0.278 (0.190) |
−0.0423 (0.213) |
−0.0369 (0.107) |
−0.0617 (0.167) |
0.0740 (0.245) |
0.118 (0.0834) |
| HS degree | −0.145 (0.120) |
−0.0262 (0.111) |
−0.210* (0.110) |
−0.111 (0.110) |
−0.321*** (0.104) |
−0.0617 (0.128) |
−0.0953 (0.0630) |
−0.145 (0.0978) |
−0.191 (0.135) |
−0.0392 (0.0473) |
| Some college |
−0.102 (0.0893) |
−0.0226 (0.0847) |
−0.183** (0.0837) |
−0.104 (0.0843) |
−0.241*** (0.0773) |
−0.0505 (0.103) |
−0.0783 (0.0478) |
−0.119 (0.0744) |
−0.0597 (0.100) |
−0.0343 (0.0363) |
| Bachelor | −0.0859 (0.0899) |
−0.0124 (0.0868) |
−0.0748 (0.0842) |
−0.0693 (0.0851) |
−0.133* (0.0767) |
−0.0207 (0.106) |
−0.0420 (0.0481) |
−0.0636 (0.0750) |
−0.0320 (0.100) |
−0.0123 (0.0370) |
| <$25,000$ | −0.650*** (0.141) |
−0.768*** (0.126) |
−0.884*** (0.123) |
−0.731*** (0.126) |
−0.740*** (0.118) |
−0.572*** (0.142) |
−0.477*** (0.0710) |
−0.732*** (0.110) |
−0.785*** (0.155) |
−0.216*** (0.0555) |
| $25,000– $49,999 |
−0.388*** (0.102) |
−0.596*** (0.0950) |
−0.676*** (0.0945) |
−0.561*** (0.0921) |
−0.558*** (0.0883) |
−0.420*** (0.115) |
−0.367*** (0.0535) |
−0.563*** (0.0833) |
−0.456*** (0.111) |
−0.182*** (0.0417) |
| $50,000– $74,999 |
−0.298*** (0.0905) |
−0.370*** (0.0866) |
−0.459*** (0.0868) |
−0.365*** (0.0842) |
−0.385*** (0.0793) |
−0.373*** (0.108) |
−0.251*** (0.0485) |
−0.389*** (0.0755) |
−0.301*** (0.0999) |
−0.109*** (0.0372) |
| $75,000– $100,000 |
−0.00398 (0.104) |
−0.0723 (0.0992) |
−0.134 (0.0972) |
−0.0628 (0.0940) |
−0.0995 (0.0879) |
−0.0726 (0.123) |
−0.0563 (0.0560) |
−0.0867 (0.0875) |
−0.0469 (0.116) |
−0.0246 (0.0416) |
| Age <25 | 0.0833 (0.251) |
0.316 (0.201) |
0.516** (0.206) |
0.431** (0.215) |
0.0565 (0.205) |
0.573** (0.253) |
0.242* (0.124) |
0.384** (0.193) |
0.454* (0.269) |
0.135 (0.0991) |
| Age 25–35 | −0.322** (0.136) |
0.0654 (0.123) |
0.153 (0.123) |
0.0597 (0.119) |
−0.239** (0.119) |
0.315** (0.145) |
0.0381 (0.0704) |
0.0703 (0.109) |
−0.173 (0.146) |
0.00338 (0.0527) |
| Age 35–45 | −0.430*** (0.137) |
0.0117 (0.130) |
0.00148 (0.130) |
−0.0927 (0.124) |
−0.316*** (0.123) |
−0.0764 (0.151) |
−0.0575 (0.0734) |
−0.0909 (0.114) |
−0.323** (0.154) |
−0.0847 (0.0542) |
| Age 45–55 | −0.567*** (0.131) |
−0.381*** (0.122) |
−0.352*** (0.122) |
−0.397*** (0.120) |
−0.480*** (0.114) |
−0.424*** (0.138) |
−0.260*** (0.0690) |
−0.407*** (0.107) |
−0.563*** (0.146) |
−0.196*** (0.0517) |
| Age 55–65 | −0.292*** (0.108) |
−0.0423 (0.102) |
−0.0898 (0.103) |
−0.0663 (0.0977) |
−0.157* (0.0927) |
−0.280** (0.124) |
−0.0739 (0.0578) |
−0.125 (0.0900) |
−0.289** (0.120) |
−0.0830* (0.0437) |
| Unemployed | −0.611*** (0.185) |
−0.374** (0.145) |
−0.430*** (0.141) |
−0.485*** (0.159) |
−0.318** (0.153) |
−0.128 (0.161) |
−0.232*** (0.0858) |
−0.348*** (0.133) |
−0.696*** (0.198) |
−0.210*** (0.0704) |
| Retired | 0.619*** (0.109) |
0.549*** (0.103) |
0.503*** (0.104) |
0.591*** (0.0979) |
0.483*** (0.0918) |
0.481*** (0.128) |
0.338*** (0.0583) |
0.522*** (0.0910) |
0.687*** (0.121) |
0.201*** (0.0440) |
| Disabled | −0.462** (0.209) |
−0.377** (0.171) |
−0.479*** (0.161) |
−0.476*** (0.184) |
−0.364** (0.179) |
−0.112 (0.177) |
−0.244** (0.0982) |
−0.364** (0.152) |
−0.394* (0.224) |
−0.183** (0.0781) |
| Other work | 0.164 (0.101) |
0.231** (0.0911) |
0.235*** (0.0909) |
0.217** (0.0920) |
0.157* (0.0881) |
0.215** (0.106) |
0.137*** (0.0520) |
0.213*** (0.0807) |
0.218* (0.113) |
0.0569 (0.0405) |
| Self-reported health |
−0.701*** (0.0456) |
−0.561*** (0.0389) |
−0.642*** (0.0371) |
−0.583*** (0.0386) |
−0.375*** (0.0368) |
−0.455*** (0.0420) |
−0.340*** (0.0218) |
−0.524*** (0.0338) |
−0.780*** (0.0488) |
−0.264*** (0.0169) |
| Children in HH |
−0.0782 (0.0737) |
−0.0840 (0.0665) |
−0.157** (0.0663) |
−0.0900 (0.0669) |
0.111* (0.0650) |
−0.0127 (0.0763) |
−0.0316 (0.0380) |
−0.0451 (0.0590) |
−0.0663 (0.0811) |
−0.00881 (0.0288) |
| Constant | 9.043*** (0.167) |
6.334*** (0.152) |
6.637*** (0.152) |
6.711*** (0.144) |
6.491*** (0.143) |
5.288*** (0.182) |
1.071*** (0.0855) |
6.286*** (0.133) |
8.975*** (0.182) |
3.837*** (0.0640) |
| Observations | 4,996 | 4,997 | 4,990 | 4,992 | 4,993 | 4,993 | 4,978 | 4,978 | 4,997 | 4,995 |
| R2 | 0.216 | 0.193 | 0.246 | 0.219 | 0.196 | 0.116 | 0.249 | 0.246 | 0.225 | 0.196 |
| p value race | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.37 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| p value education | 0.50 | 0.94 | 0.15 | 0.72 | 0.01 | 0.99 | 0.49 | 0.51 | 0.63 | 0.28 |
| p value income | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| p value age | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| p value work status | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Estimation method is OLS; standard errors are clustered at the individual level. The p values mentioned in the last rows refer to a test of joint significance of the indicator variables for the categories race, education, income, age, and work status