Table 2.

Impact of SES on incidence of pathogen-specific foodborne illness.

Pathogen	Ref.	Author	Study Design	Study period	Key findings	Summary
Campylobacter	(24)	Nichols	Ecological	1989–20111	Lower deprivation associated with higher incidence.	High SES associated with greater incidence of campylobacteriosis in all seven studies.
	(26)	Simonsen	Cohort	1993–2004	Greater income and education associated with higher incidence among adults.
	(25)	Green	Ecological	1996–2004	Higher SES associated with higher incidence.
	(23)	Rind	Ecological	1997–2005	Lower deprivation associated with higher incidence.
	(28)	Gillespie	Cohort	2000–2003	People in semi-routine occupations had the highest incidence. Incidence marginally higher in white collar workers than blue collar workers.
	(22)	Spencer	Ecological	2001–2007	In urban areas, lower deprivation associated with higher incidence.
	(27)	Pyra	Ecological	2004–2007	Higher income, education rate, and home ownership rate associated with higher incidence.
E. coli	(26)	Simonsen	Cohort	1993–2004	No association with income or education.	Some markers of high SES associated with increased incidence of E. coli O157 infection in three of five studies.
	(29)	Chang	Ecological	1995–2002	Higher poverty and higher education associated with increased incidence. No association with social service utilization.
	(32)	Jalava	Ecological	1997–2006	Higher education associated with higher incidence. No association by social service utilization.
	(30)	Sakuma	Ecological	1999–2004	Higher income associated with higher incidence.
	(31)	Pearl	Ecological	2000–2002	No association with income.
Listeria	(33)	Gillespie	Ecological	2001–2007	Higher deprivation associated with higher incidence.	Low SES associated with increased listeriosis incidence.
Salmonella	(36)	Borgnolo	Case-control	1989–1994	Unemployed or blue collar father associated with increased incidence among children.	High SES associated with increased incidence of salmonellosis in four of six studies.
	(35)	Banatvala	Case-control	1993	Higher SES associated with higher incidence, but not for all species.
	(29)	Chang	Ecological	1993–2002	Low unemployment and high education associated with increased incidence.
	(26)	Simonsen	Cohort	1993–2004	Greater income and education associated with increased incidence among adults, but not for all species.
	(34)	Yonus	Case-control	1997–2006	Greater income and education associated with increased incidence.
	(37)	Yonus	Ecological	2006–2007	No association with individual income, local mean income, or parental education.

¹2007–2009 for SES data.