Table 3.
Associations of gestational weight gain and prenatal factors with childhood size and body composition at 7 years (n=323)1
| BMIZ | % Body Fat | Waist circumference, cm | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | II | I | II | I | II | |
| β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | ||
| Excessive GWG model | ||||||
| Excessive GWG2 | 0.43 (0.18, 0.67) | 0.44 (0.20,0.68) | 2.09 (0.81,3.38) | 2.23 (0.97, 3.49) | 2.81 (1.02, 4.60) | 2.85 (1.07, 4.62) |
| Prepregnancy BMI3, 5 kg/m2 | 0.26 (0.16, 0.35) | 0.29 (0.19, 0.39) | 1.15 (0.65, 1.64) | 1.20 (0.70, 1.70) | 1.31 (0.62,2.00) | 1.60 (0.89, 2.30) |
| Total GWG model | ||||||
| Total GWG4, kg | 0.02 (0.01, 0.04) | 0.02 (0.01, 0.04) | 0.13 (0.05, 0.21) | 0.14 (0.06, 0.22) | 0.18 (0.07, 0.29) | 0.19 (0.08, 0.30) |
| Prepregnancy BMI3, 5 kg/m2 | 0.31 (0.22, 0.41) | 0.30 (0.21, 0.40) | 1.37 (0.87, 1.88) | 1.50 (0.99, 2.00) | 1.69 (0.98, 2.39) | 1.98 (1.27, 2.70) |
Model I includes GWG, prepregnancy BMI and gestational age; Model II (Fully adjusted), includes Model I and covariates [parity (continuous), child age (months), maternal race/ethnicity (categorical), maternal education >12 y (yes/no, categorical), child sex (categorical), receipt of public assistance (yes/no), prenatal demoralization score >1.55 (yes/no), and ability to afford food in pregnancy (yes/no)]. Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; GWG, gestational weight gain
Adequate/inadequate GWG was the reference group
Prepregnancy BMI was modeled as a continuous variable; effects shown are per 5 kg/m2increase in prepregnancy BMI
Total GWG modeled as a continuous variable; effects shown are per 1-kg increase in GWG