Table 1.
Cognitive Outcome Measures
| OUTCOME MEASURE |
REFERENCE FOR STUDIES USED |
DIAGNOSTIC UTILITY |
INTER- RATER RELIABILITY |
TEST- RETEST RELIABILITY |
RESPONSIVENESS | CLINICALLY MEANINGFUL CHANGE |
ENDORSEMENT |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ADAS-cog | 25–27, 28, 33, 34, 37 & 38 | Not Established | High | Moderate to high | Yes | 4 points | Recommended |
| MDRS | 23, 31, 32 & 38 | High | High | High | Yes | Not established | Recommended |
| MoCA | Not used | Moderate | High | High | Yes | Not established | Suggested |
| CDR | 25, 27 & 39 | Not established | Not established | Moderate | Yes | Not established | Suggested |
| FAB | 33 & 34 | Moderate | High | High | Not established | Not established | Suggested |
| D-KEFS VF | 25–27, 34 & 37 | Low to moderate | Not established | Moderate to high | Not established | Not established | Suggested |
| HVLT | 31 | High | Not established | Not established | Not established | Not established | Suggested |
| TPCT | 23, 27 & 33 | High | Not established | Not established | Not established | Not established | Suggested |
| MMSE | 22–28, 31–35, 37 & 38 | Low to Moderate | High | High | Low for small changes | 1.4 points | Listed |
| QTCS | 22 | Not established | Not established | Not established | Not established | Not established | Listed |
| VMI | 31 | Not established | Not established | Not established | Not established | Not established | Listed |
| BTA | 26 & 31 | Not established | Not established | Not established | Not established | Not established | Listed |
Endorsement definitions:
- “Recommended”: the outcome measure has been applied to PDD patients and has been found valid, reliable and responsive in psychometric studies in studies of PDD or other dementias
- “Suggested”: the outcome measure has been applied to PDD patients and psychometric studies are promising (“moderate” to “high” parameters), but not yet complete in dementia populations and/or some psychometric properties are suboptimal (“low”)
- “Listed”: the outcome measure has been applied to PDD patients but psychometric studies have demonstrated disappointing data (“low” parameters) and/or have not yet been performed in dementia populations
Abbreviations: MMSE: Mini-Mental Status Examination; ADAS-cog: Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale – Cognitive Subscale; MDRS: Mattis Dementia Rating Scale; MoCA: Montreal Cognitive Assessment; CDR: Cognitive Drug Research system; FAB: Frontal Assessment Battery; D-KEFS VF: Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System Verbal Fluency test; TPCT: Ten Point Clock Drawing Test; QTCS: Quick Test of Cognitive Speed; HVLT: Hopkins Verbal Learning Test Revised; VMI: Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration; BTA: Brief Test of Attention