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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Commun. 2015 Sep 15;6:8264. doi: 10.1038/ncomms9264

Figure 5. TRP-4 expression activates ASH and AWC neurons in the presence of microbubbles.

Figure 5

(a) Large reversal responses to low-pressure ultrasound require the pore-forming TRP-4 channel. n = 30 for each condition. Transgenic animals expressing TRP-4 in (b) ASH neurons and (c) AWC neurons execute more large reversals upon low-pressure ultrasound stimulation (single pulse, 2.25MHz, 10ms). n > 30 for each genotype and condition. Proportion and standard error of the proportion are shown in all data panels. ** indicates p < 0.01, while * indicates p < 0.05 by Fisher’s exact test (2-sided). (d) Schematic identifying chemosensory neurons ASH and AWC in C. elegans. False-colored images showing changes in GCaMP fluorescence in AWC neurons upon ultrasound stimulation. Warmer colors indicate increased calcium and neural activity. (e) Average AWC calcium responses upon ultrasound stimulation at t = 5 seconds (AWC::GCaMP2.2b n = 20, AWC::GCaMP2.2b;AWC::trp4 n = 23). (f) Average responses binned by distinct times for AWC::GCaMP2.2b and AWC::GCaMP2.2b;AWC::trp4 animals. Averages and s.e.m are shown. * indicates p < 0.05 by t-test (2-sided, equal variances not assumed, AWC::GCaMP2.2b n = 20, AWC::GCaMP2.2b;AWC::trp4 n = 23).