Table 1.
Means and Proportions of Sample Characteristics in 12thGrade (standard errors in parentheses)
| Variable | Mean/ Proportion |
|---|---|
| Legitimate use of opioids by 12th grade | |
| Question: “Have you ever taken any narcotics other than heroin because a doctor told you to use them?” Note: This variable is coded 1 for the response category “Yes, and it was the first time I took any.” Accompanying this question is a list of example drugs that has been updated over time and currently includes Methadone, Opium, Morphine, Vicodin, MS Contin, Codeine, Demerol, Roxycodone, Hydrocodone (Lortab, Lorcet, Norco), Suboxone, OxyContin, Percocet, Tylox, Percodan, Ultram, and Tramadol |
.15 (.0048) |
| Lifetime marijuana use by 12th grade | |
| Question: “On how many occasions (if any) have you used marijuana?” | |
| None | .62 (.0064) |
| 1–2 | .092 (.0040) |
| 3–5 | .059 (.0032) |
| 6–9 | .043 (.0028) |
| 10–19 | .049 (.0029) |
| 20–39 | .040 (.0026) |
| 40+ | .098 (.0034) |
| Cigarette smoking history by 12th grade | |
| Question: “Have you ever smoked cigarettes?” | |
| Never | .48 (.0067) |
| Once or twice | .22 (.0056) |
| Occasionally but not regularly | .14 (.0046) |
| Regularly in the past | .05 (.0030) |
| Regularly now | .11 (.0039) |
| Lifetime opioid use by 12th grade | |
| Question: “On how many occasions (if any) have you taken narcotics other than heroin on your own – that is, without a doctor telling you to take them?” Note: question includes an extensive list of example prescription opioids that is updated from year to year. |
|
| None | .91 (.0035) |
| 1–2 | .041 (.0025) |
| 3–5 | .018 (.0016) |
| 6–9 | .010 (.0012) |
| 10–19 | .010 (.0011) |
| 20–39 | .005 (.0008) |
| 40+ | .006 (.0008) |
| Lifetime use of barbiturates and sedatives by 12th grade | |
| Question: “On how many occasions (if any) have you taken sedatives on your own – that is, without a doctor telling you to take them?” Note: question includes an extensive list of example prescription barbiturates and sedatives that is updated from year to year. |
|
| None | .96 (.0023) |
| 1–2 | .018 (.0016) |
| 3–5 | .008 (.0010) |
| 6–9 | .006 (.0008) |
| 10–19 | .0037 (.0006) |
| 20–39 | .0025 (.0004) |
| 40+ | .0035 (.0005) |
| Binge drinking in past 2 weeks at baseline, 12th grade survey | |
| Question: “During the last 2 weeks, how many times (if any) have you had 5 or more drinks in a row?” |
|
| None | .79 (.0054) |
| Once | .085 (.0037) |
| Twice | .056 (.0030) |
| 3–5 | .055 (.0029) |
| 6–9 | .012 (.0013) |
| 10+ | .007 (.0010) |
| Disapproval of regular marijuana use in 12th grade | |
| Question: “Do YOU disapprove of people (who are 18 or older) smoking marijuana regularly?” | |
| Don’t disapprove | .18 (.0053) |
| Disapprove | .26 (.0064) |
| Strongly disapprove | .55 (.0070) |
| Female | .57 (.0066) |
| Average course marks in 12th grade | 2.42 (.025) |
| Question: “Which of the following best describes your average grade so far in high school? ” Values range from 9 for a “D” (69 or below) to 1 for an “A” (93–100). |
|
| Parent with college degree | .52 (.0067) |
| Coded 1 for respondents with either a mother or father with a college degree and 0 otherwise | |
| Racial/ethnic minority | .27 (.0060) |
| Coded 0 for respondents who are non-Hispanic whites and 1 otherwise |