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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Pediatrics. 2015 Nov;136(5):e1169–e1177. doi: 10.1542/peds.2015-1364

Table 3.

Means and Proportions of Selected 12th Grade Characteristics By Risk Strata for Future Misuse of Prescription Opioids (Standard Error in Parentheses)

Strata # (1) (2) (3) (4)
Range of Predicted Probability for
Future Opioid Misuse Post High
School		 --- 0 to <1.75% --- -- 1.75% to <3% -- --- 3% to <5% ---- --- 5% to <10% ---
No
Opioid
Misuse
Age
19–23		 Opioid
Misuse
Age
19–23		 No
Opioid
Misuse
Age 19–
23		 Opioid
Misuse
Age
19–23		 No
Opioid
Misuse
Age
19–23		 Opioid
Misuse
Age
19–23		 No
Opioid
Misuse
Age
19–23		 Opioid
Misuse
Age
19–23
Number of individualsa n=1470 n=12 n=1570 n=23 n=924 n=43 n=842 n=79
# Occasions used marijuana in
lifetime by 12th grade		 .094
(.011)		 .075
(.054)		 .39
(.031)		 .27
(.092)		 3.54
(.20)		 3.27
(.97)		 17
(.50)		 20
(1.83)
Proportion who regularly used
cigarettes in 12th grade		 .005
(.0012)		 0
(0)		 .020
(.0024)		 .027
(.019)		 .10
(.0069)		 .14
(.039)		 .22
(.010)		 .19
(.033)
# Occasions misused opioids in
lifetime by 12th grade		 0.0020
(.00082)		 0
(0)		 .014
(.0029)		 .021
(.021)		 .21
(.058)		 .32
(.11)		 .58
(.081)		 .63
(.18)
# Occasions misused sedatives/
barbiturates
in lifetime by 12th grade		 .02
(.011)		 0
(0)		 .020
(.0050)		 .12
(.10)		 .15
(.029)		 .33
(.26)		 .51
(.079)		 .92
(.35)
Proportion any binge drinking in past
2 weeks at 12th grade survey		 .04
(.0034)		 .03
(.028)		 .11
(.0053)		 .09
(.032)		 .26
(.010)		 .26
(.049)		 .37
(.012)		 .38
(.042)
Proportion who strongly
disapproved of marijuana use when
in 12th grade		 .86
(.0070)		 .82
(.69)		 .67
(.0083)		 .69
(.058)		 .49
(.012)		 .52
(.057)		 .28
(.012)		 .23
(.040)
Female .54
(.0088)		 .61
(.083)		 .63
(.0081)		 .68
(.053)		 .59
(.011)		 .59
(.054)		 .61
(.012)		 .60
(.042)
Average course marks in 12th grade 2.45
(.032)		 2.55
(.30)		 1.89
(.031)		 1.55
(.19)		 2.39
(.043)		 .219
(.21)		 2.73
(.048)		 2.50
(.16)
Parent with college degree .35
(.0086)		 .50
(.084)		 .63
(.0082)		 .68
(.054)		 .55
(.011)		 .61
(.053)		 .58
(.013)		 .57
(.043)
Minority .51
(.0089)		 .42
(.084)		 .17
(.0064)		 .15
(.042)		 .15
(.0082)		 .15
(.038)		 .17
(.0092)		 .20
(.033)
# Occasions used marijuana in
lifetime by 12th grade		 35
(.74)		 34
(1.77)		 38
(1.53)		 37
(2.51)		 49
(1.33)		 48
(2.13)		 57
(.98)		 57
(1.03)
Proportion who regularly used
cigarettes in 12th grade		 .38
(.015)		 .37
(.035)		 .44
(.032)		 .43
(.054)		 .47
(.033)		 .49
(.045)		 .59
(.048)		 .63
(.052)
# Occasions misused opioids in
lifetime by 12th grade		 1.50
(.19)		 1.61
(.30)		 5.75
(.57)		 5.88
(.87)		 13
(.93)		 17
(1.78)		 26
(1.67)		 27
(1.92)
# Occasions misused sedatives/
barbiturates
in lifetime by 12th grade		 .71
(.11)		 1.17
(.33)		 3.43
(.78)		 2.72
(.57)		 4.91
(.80)		 5.71
(1.10)		 11
(1.32)		 10
(1.26)
Proportion any binge drinking in past
2 weeks at 12th grade survey		 .55
(.016)		 .54
(.037)		 .53
(.033)		 .56
(.055)		 .66
(.033)		 .60
(.045)		 .64
(.050)		 .71
(.048)
Proportion who strongly disapproved
of marijuana use when in 12th grade		 .11
(.012)		 .14
(.028)		 .15
(.027)		 .098
(.036)		 .068
(.021)		 .05
(.022)		 .055
(.031)		 .053
(.030)
Female .58
(.016)		 .57
(.036)		 .55
(.032)		 .54
(.055)		 .66
(.030)		 .59
(.044)		 .64
(.047)		 .60
(.050)
Average course marks in 12th grade 2.56
(.059)		 2.86
(.14)		 2.77
(.12)		 2.98
(.23)		 2.70
(.11)		 2.85
(.20)		 2.69
(.20)		 2.75
(.20)
Parent with college degree .60
(.016)		 .57
(.037)		 .64
(.030)		 .52
(.057)		 .60
(.032)		 .49
(.046)		 .65
(.048)		 .69
(.045)
Minority .07
(.0077)		 .09
(.019)		 .10
(.019)		 .14
(.042)		 .07
(.019)		 .03
(.012)		 .06
(.020)		 .04
(.027)
a

n=number of individuals (on average, each individual contributed 2.2 follow-up observations to analysis pool).

Note: Variables are their coding are described in Table 1. For calculation of average number of drug use occasions response categories are coded to their mean value (e.g. the response of “1–2” occasions is coded to 1.5, “3–5” occasions is coded to 4, etc.), and top value of “40+” is coded to 60.