Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of TRIUMPH Participants by Remnant Lipoprotein Cholesterol Tertiles
| Remnant Lipoprotein Cholesterol | Total | P-Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tertile 1 (0 to <16 mg/dL) n = 772 |
Tertile 2 (16 to <24 mg/dL) n = 846 |
Tertile 3 (24 to 120 mg/dL) n = 847 |
n = 2465 | ||
| Age | 60.4 ± 12.6 | 58.0 ± 12.2 | 56.5 ± 11.5 | 58.2 ± 12.2 | <0.001 |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 550 (71.2%) | 581 (68.7%) | 545 (64.3%) | 1676 (68.0%) | 0.011 |
| Female | 222 (28.8%) | 265 (31.3%) | 302 (35.7%) | 789 (32.0%) | |
| Race | |||||
| White/Caucasian | 498 (64.7%) | 601 (71.0%) | 567 (67.1%) | 1666 (67.7%) | 0.024 |
| Black/African-American | 222 (28.8%) | 197 (23.3%) | 210 (24.9%) | 629 (25.6%) | |
| Other/unknown | 52 (6.5%) | 48 (5.7%) | 70 (8.0%) | 170 (6.7%) | |
| High school education | 607/769 (78.9%) | 677/840 (80.6%) | 667/845 (78.9%) | 1951/2454 (79.5%) | 0.626 |
| Insured | 597/754 (79.2%) | 643/828 (77.7%) | 625/830 (75.3%) | 1865/2412 (77.3%) | 0.177 |
| Family history of coronary disease | 568/763 (74.4%) | 621/835 (74.4%) | 629/837 (75.1%) | 1818/2435 (74.7%) | 0.922 |
| History of dyslipidemia | 369 (47.8%) | 384 (45.4%) | 417 (49.2%) | 1170 (47.5%) | 0.279 |
| History of diabetes | 247 (32.0%) | 251 (29.7%) | 284 (33.5%) | 782 (31.7%) | 0.229 |
| History of hypertension | 510 (66.1%) | 540 (63.8%) | 580 (68.5%) | 1630 (66.1%) | 0.130 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 139 ± 29 | 143 ± 30 | 146 ± 30 | 143 ± 30 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 80 ± 18 | 83 ± 20 | 86 ± 18 | 83 ± 19 | <0.001 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 50 (6.5%) | 62 (7.3%) | 64 (7.6%) | 176 (7.1%) | 0.677 |
| Chronic heart failure | 78 (10.1%) | 82 (9.7%) | 54 (6.4%) | 214 (8.7%) | 0.013 |
| Prior myocardial infarction | 168 (21.8%) | 172 (20.3%) | 159 (18.8%) | 499 (20.2%) | 0.326 |
| Prior PCI | 185 (24.0%) | 140 (16.5%) | 148 (17.5%) | 473 (19.2%) | <0.001 |
| Prior CABG | 109 (14.1%) | 87 (10.3%) | 80 (9.4%) | 276 (11.2%) | 0.007 |
| Prior stroke | 44 (5.7%) | 37 (4.4%) | 37 (4.4%) | 118 (4.8%) | 0.358 |
| Smoking Status | |||||
| Current | 297/767 (38.7%) | 367/840 (43.7%) | 358/842 (42.5%) | 1022/2449 (41.7%) | 0.008 |
| Former | 268/767 (34.9%) | 259/840 (30.8%) | 230/842 (27.3%) | 757/2449 (30.9%) | |
| Never | 202/767 (26.3%) | 214/840 (25.5%) | 254/842 (30.2%) | 670/2449 (27.4%) | |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 28.6 ± 6.4 | 30.0 ± 6.3 | 30.7 ± 6.5 | 29.8 ± 6.4 | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference, inches | 38.0 ± 5.8 | 39.0 ± 5.7 | 39.2 ± 5.5 | 38.8 ± 5.7 | 0.003 |
| Activity during leisure time | |||||
| Mainly sedentary | 329/766 (43.0%) | 350/841 (41.6%) | 412/844 (48.8%) | 1091/2451 (44.5%) | |
| Mild exercise | 242/766 (31.6%) | 263/841 (31.3%) | 241/844 (28.6%) | 746/2451 (30.4%) | 0.023 |
| Moderate exercise | 163/766 (21.3%) | 185/841 (22.0%) | 169/844 (20.0%) | 517/2451 (21.1%) | |
| Strenuous exercise | 32/766 (4.2%) | 43/841 (5.1%) | 22/844 (2.6%) | 97/2451 (4.0%) | |
| Alcohol use in past year | |||||
| Never | 321/770 (41.7%) | 347/842 (41.2%) | 372/843 (44.1%) | 1040/2455 (42.4%) | 0.005 |
| Monthly or less | 186/770 (24.2%) | 250/842 (29.7%) | 233/843 (27.6%) | 669/2455 (27.3%) | |
| 2–4 times a month | 129/770 (16.8%) | 125/842 (14.8%) | 141/843 (16.7%) | 395/2455 (16.1%) | |
| 4–5 times a week | 66/770 (8.6%) | 75/842 (8.9%) | 57/843 (6.8%) | 198/2455 (8.1%) | |
| 6 or more times a week | 68/770 (8.8%) | 45/842 (5.3%) | 40/843 (4.7%) | 153/2455 (6.2%) | |
| Type of myocardial infarction | |||||
| STEMI | 310 (40.2%) | 377 (44.6%) | 364 (43.0%) | 1051 (42.6%) | 0.195 |
| NSTEMI | 462 (59.8%) | 469 (55.4%) | 483 (57.0%) | 1414 (57.4%) | |
| Multi-vessel disease* | |||||
| No | 366 (47.4%) | 391 (46.4%) | 393 (46.5%) | 1150 (46.7%) | 0.635 |
| Yes | 343 (44.4%) | 398 (47.2%) | 388 (45.9%) | 1129 (45.9%) | |
| No cath/missing | 63 (8.2%) | 57 (6.4%) | 66 (7.6%) | 186 (7.4%) | |
| GRACE score (6 month mortality) | 104.1 ± 29.6 | 98.4 ± 30.1 | 94.8 ± 28.3 | 98.9 ± 29.6 | <0.001 |
| Lipid medications at discharge | |||||
| Statin | 685 (88.7%) | 743 (87.8%) | 728 (86.0%) | 2156 (87.5%) | 0.223 |
| Ezetimibe | 73 (9.5%) | 73 (8.6%) | 81 (9.6%) | 227 (9.2%) | 0.770 |
| Niacin | 23 (3.0%) | 11 (1.3%) | 18 (2.1%) | 52 (2.1%) | 0.064 |
| Fibrate | 13 (1.7%) | 32 (3.8%) | 37 (4.4%) | 82 (3.3%) | 0.007 |
| Fish oil | 25 (3.2%) | 19 (2.2%) | 27 (3.2%) | 71 (2.9%) | 0.395 |
Cells represent mean (SD) or N (%) with the denominators at the top of the table, unless otherwise specified within cells
*
Single-, double-, or triple-vessel disease defined by ≥70% stenosis in each major epicardial vessel, with left main stenosis ≥50% counting as two vessels
GRACE = Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events; STEMI = ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction; NSTEMI = non- ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction; PCI = Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; CABG = Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting