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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 May 9.
Published in final edited form as: Public Health Nutr. 2014 Apr 8;18(3):464–473. doi: 10.1017/S1368980014000433

Table 2.

Health characteristics by drinking status among Puerto Rican adults (n 1472) aged 45–75 years from the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (BPRHS) cohort, 2004–2009

Drinking status
Men
Women
LA (n 35)
FD (n 174)
MD (n 134)§
HD (n 93)||
LA (n 407)
FD (n 261)††
MD (n 286)‡‡
HD (n 82)§§
n % n % n % n % n % n % n % n %
BMI (kg/m2)|||| 29·5 5·9 30·2 5·5 29·3 5·0 28·8 4·8 32·9 7·2 34·0 7·4 32·1 6·0 31·1 6·8
Overweight¶¶ 27 77·1 143 82·2 113 84·3 73 78·5 364 89·4 239 91·6 255 89·2 69 84·2
Smoking
 Never 19 54·3 41 23·6 55 41·0 21 22·8 283 69·5 99 37·9 131 45·8 20 29·4
 Former 2 5·7 93 53·5 38 28·4 19 20·7 73 17·9 115 44·1 87 30·4 18 22·0
 Current 14 40·0 40 23·0 41 30·6 52 56·5 51 12·5 47 18·0 68 23·8 44 53·7
Diabetes 12 36·4 80 47·6 47 35·9 33 36·7 170 42·8 117 46·3 94 33·3 19 23·5
Hypertension 20 57·1 120 70·2 92 69·2 63 69·2 271 66·9 199 77·1 189 66·6 42 51·2
Medications use
 Anticonvulsants 2 5·7 21 12·2 9 6·7 3 3·2 48 11·8 29 11·2 19 6·6 2 2·4
 Antidepressants 7 20·0 57 33·1 30 22·4 21 22·6 147 36·3 114 43·9 98 34·3 42 51·2
 Antipsychotics 5 14·3 25 14·5 11 8·2 7 7·5 36 8·9 29 11·2 19 6·6 13 15·9
 Anxiolytics 3 8·6 33 19·2 16 11·9 9 9·7 108 26·7 83 31·9 54 18·9 21 25·6
Contraindicated consumption of alcohol††† 44 32·8 26 28·0 126 44·1 48 58·5
Emotional support score||||,‡‡‡ 75·7 41·9 73·8 50·2 75·9 44·6 67·4 40·7 76·7 48·0 72·6 42·5 87·8 51·4 72·9 45·3
PAS score||||,§§§ 17·1 6·1 18·5 7·1 20·2 7·5 18·2 7·3 16·8 6·2 19·0 6·9 19·4 7·0 18·8 6·1
Depressive symptomology
 None/low (CES-D score = 0–15) 12 34·3 91 52·3 77 57·9 42 45·7 149 37·3 77 29·7 111 37·6 24 29·6
 Mild/moderate (CES-D score = 16–21) 6 17·1 30 17·2 20 13·4 15 16·3 62 15·5 34 13·1 48 16·9 14 17·3
 High (CES-D score ≥22) 17 48·6 53 30·5 36 27·1 35 38·0 189 47·3 148 57·1 125 44·0 43 53·1
Perceived health status
 Excellent/good 6 17·1 73 42·0 61 45·5 33 35·5 97 23·9 43 16·5 96 33·6 24 29·3
 Fair/poor 29 82·9 101 58·1 73 54·5 60 64·5 310 76·2 217 83·5 190 66·4 58 70·7

LA, lifetime abstainer; FD, former drinker; MD, moderate drinker; HD, heavy drinker; PAS, Psychological Acculturation Scale; CES-D, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (ten item).

Data are presented as n and % except where noted.

Sample size: diabetes, n 33; emotional support, n 34.

Sample size: BMI, emotional support and PAS, n 173; diabetes, n 168; hypertension, n 171; anticonvulsants, antidepressants, antipsychotics and anxiolytics, n 172.

§

Sample size: BMI and emotional support, n 132; diabetes, n 131; hypertension, depressive symptomology, n 133.

||

Sample size: BMI, smoking, PAS and depressive symptomology, n 92; diabetes, n 90; hypertension, n 91.

Sample size: BMI and depressive symptomology, n 400; diabetes, n 397; hypertension, anticonvulsants, antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics, and PAS, n 405; emotional support, n 402.

††

Sample size: BMI, emotional support n 255; diabetes, n 253; hypertension, PAS, n 258; depressive symptomology, n 259; anticonvulsants, antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics and perceived health status, n 260.

‡‡

Sample size: BMI, n 285; diabetes, n 282; hypertension, depressive symptomology n 284; emotional support, n 280.

§§

Sample size: BMI, n 80; diabetes, emotional support and depressive symptomology, n 81.

||||

Data are presented as mean and standard deviation.

¶¶

BMI ≥25 kg/m2.

†††

Taking one or more medications for which alcohol is contraindicated.

‡‡‡

Emotional support score range 2–256.

§§§

PAS score range 1–45.