Table 2.
Health characteristics by drinking status among Puerto Rican adults (n 1472) aged 45–75 years from the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (BPRHS) cohort, 2004–2009
| Drinking status
|
||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men
|
Women
|
|||||||||||||||
| LA (n 35)†
|
FD (n 174)‡
|
MD (n 134)§
|
HD (n 93)||
|
LA (n 407)¶
|
FD (n 261)††
|
MD (n 286)‡‡
|
HD (n 82)§§
|
|||||||||
| n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
| BMI (kg/m2)|||| | 29·5 | 5·9 | 30·2 | 5·5 | 29·3 | 5·0 | 28·8 | 4·8 | 32·9 | 7·2 | 34·0 | 7·4 | 32·1 | 6·0 | 31·1 | 6·8 |
| Overweight¶¶ | 27 | 77·1 | 143 | 82·2 | 113 | 84·3 | 73 | 78·5 | 364 | 89·4 | 239 | 91·6 | 255 | 89·2 | 69 | 84·2 |
| Smoking | ||||||||||||||||
| Never | 19 | 54·3 | 41 | 23·6 | 55 | 41·0 | 21 | 22·8 | 283 | 69·5 | 99 | 37·9 | 131 | 45·8 | 20 | 29·4 |
| Former | 2 | 5·7 | 93 | 53·5 | 38 | 28·4 | 19 | 20·7 | 73 | 17·9 | 115 | 44·1 | 87 | 30·4 | 18 | 22·0 |
| Current | 14 | 40·0 | 40 | 23·0 | 41 | 30·6 | 52 | 56·5 | 51 | 12·5 | 47 | 18·0 | 68 | 23·8 | 44 | 53·7 |
| Diabetes | 12 | 36·4 | 80 | 47·6 | 47 | 35·9 | 33 | 36·7 | 170 | 42·8 | 117 | 46·3 | 94 | 33·3 | 19 | 23·5 |
| Hypertension | 20 | 57·1 | 120 | 70·2 | 92 | 69·2 | 63 | 69·2 | 271 | 66·9 | 199 | 77·1 | 189 | 66·6 | 42 | 51·2 |
| Medications use | ||||||||||||||||
| Anticonvulsants | 2 | 5·7 | 21 | 12·2 | 9 | 6·7 | 3 | 3·2 | 48 | 11·8 | 29 | 11·2 | 19 | 6·6 | 2 | 2·4 |
| Antidepressants | 7 | 20·0 | 57 | 33·1 | 30 | 22·4 | 21 | 22·6 | 147 | 36·3 | 114 | 43·9 | 98 | 34·3 | 42 | 51·2 |
| Antipsychotics | 5 | 14·3 | 25 | 14·5 | 11 | 8·2 | 7 | 7·5 | 36 | 8·9 | 29 | 11·2 | 19 | 6·6 | 13 | 15·9 |
| Anxiolytics | 3 | 8·6 | 33 | 19·2 | 16 | 11·9 | 9 | 9·7 | 108 | 26·7 | 83 | 31·9 | 54 | 18·9 | 21 | 25·6 |
| Contraindicated consumption of alcohol††† | – | – | 44 | 32·8 | 26 | 28·0 | – | – | 126 | 44·1 | 48 | 58·5 | ||||
| Emotional support score||||,‡‡‡ | 75·7 | 41·9 | 73·8 | 50·2 | 75·9 | 44·6 | 67·4 | 40·7 | 76·7 | 48·0 | 72·6 | 42·5 | 87·8 | 51·4 | 72·9 | 45·3 |
| PAS score||||,§§§ | 17·1 | 6·1 | 18·5 | 7·1 | 20·2 | 7·5 | 18·2 | 7·3 | 16·8 | 6·2 | 19·0 | 6·9 | 19·4 | 7·0 | 18·8 | 6·1 |
| Depressive symptomology | ||||||||||||||||
| None/low (CES-D score = 0–15) | 12 | 34·3 | 91 | 52·3 | 77 | 57·9 | 42 | 45·7 | 149 | 37·3 | 77 | 29·7 | 111 | 37·6 | 24 | 29·6 |
| Mild/moderate (CES-D score = 16–21) | 6 | 17·1 | 30 | 17·2 | 20 | 13·4 | 15 | 16·3 | 62 | 15·5 | 34 | 13·1 | 48 | 16·9 | 14 | 17·3 |
| High (CES-D score ≥22) | 17 | 48·6 | 53 | 30·5 | 36 | 27·1 | 35 | 38·0 | 189 | 47·3 | 148 | 57·1 | 125 | 44·0 | 43 | 53·1 |
| Perceived health status | ||||||||||||||||
| Excellent/good | 6 | 17·1 | 73 | 42·0 | 61 | 45·5 | 33 | 35·5 | 97 | 23·9 | 43 | 16·5 | 96 | 33·6 | 24 | 29·3 |
| Fair/poor | 29 | 82·9 | 101 | 58·1 | 73 | 54·5 | 60 | 64·5 | 310 | 76·2 | 217 | 83·5 | 190 | 66·4 | 58 | 70·7 |
LA, lifetime abstainer; FD, former drinker; MD, moderate drinker; HD, heavy drinker; PAS, Psychological Acculturation Scale; CES-D, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (ten item).
Data are presented as n and % except where noted.
Sample size: diabetes, n 33; emotional support, n 34.
Sample size: BMI, emotional support and PAS, n 173; diabetes, n 168; hypertension, n 171; anticonvulsants, antidepressants, antipsychotics and anxiolytics, n 172.
Sample size: BMI and emotional support, n 132; diabetes, n 131; hypertension, depressive symptomology, n 133.
Sample size: BMI, smoking, PAS and depressive symptomology, n 92; diabetes, n 90; hypertension, n 91.
Sample size: BMI and depressive symptomology, n 400; diabetes, n 397; hypertension, anticonvulsants, antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics, and PAS, n 405; emotional support, n 402.
Sample size: BMI, emotional support n 255; diabetes, n 253; hypertension, PAS, n 258; depressive symptomology, n 259; anticonvulsants, antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics and perceived health status, n 260.
Sample size: BMI, n 285; diabetes, n 282; hypertension, depressive symptomology n 284; emotional support, n 280.
Sample size: BMI, n 80; diabetes, emotional support and depressive symptomology, n 81.
Data are presented as mean and standard deviation.
BMI ≥25 kg/m2.
Taking one or more medications for which alcohol is contraindicated.
Emotional support score range 2–256.
PAS score range 1–45.