Table 1.
Single genes associated with Mendelian forms of human obesity
| Gene | Dominant (D)/ Recessive (R)/ Imprinted (I) |
Early onset morbid obesity |
Hyperphagia | Hypogonadism | Hormonal alterations |
Altered growth/ dysmorphia |
Altered glucose/ insulin metabolism |
Elevated precursor proteins |
Pigmentation alterations |
Cognitive impairments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leptin (LEP) | R | X | X | X | X | X | ||||
| Leptin receptor (LEPR) |
R | X | X | X | X | X | ||||
| Pro- opiomelanocortin (POMC) |
R | X | X | X | X | |||||
| Melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) |
D | X | X | X | X | |||||
| Single-Minded Homolog 1 (SIM1) |
R | X | X | X | X | X | ||||
| Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 (PCSK1) |
R | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||
| HBII-85 snoRNA (associated with Prader-Willi Syndrome) |
I | X | X | X | X | X | ||||
| Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF, associated with WAGR syndrome) |
R | X | X | X |