TABLE 2.

ED Visits for ADEs Among Children Aged <2 Years Treated Before and After OTC Infant CCM Market Withdrawal: United States, January 1, 2004–December 31, 2011

Exposure Typea	Estimated Average Annual ED Visits Before Market Withdrawal			Estimated Average Annual ED Visits After Market Withdrawal			Difference in Proportions
	No. of CCM RV	No. of All Medication RV	Proportion of CCM-RV Among All Medication RV, %	No. of CCM RV	No. of All Medication RV	Proportion of CCM-RV Among All Medication RV, %	%	95% CI
Total	2138	52 543	4.1	1529	63 517	2.4	−1.7	−2.7 to –0.6
Supervised administrations	1031	31 318	3.3	546	36 513	1.5	−1.8	−2.9 to –0.6
Unsupervised ingestions	1107	21 226	5.2	984	27 005	3.6	−1.6	−3.4 to 0.3

Estimates from National Electronic Injury Surveillance System–Cooperative Adverse Drug Event Surveillance, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CCMs include orally administered prescription or OTC products containing decongestants, antitussive agents, and/or expectorants alone or in combination with each other and/or with analgesics or antihistamines. Market withdrawal of OTC CCMs labeled for infants was announced in October 2007. The period before withdrawal refers to the period beginning January 1, 2004, and ending September 30, 2007. The period after withdrawal refers to the period beginning October 1, 2007, and ending December 31, 2011. RV, related visits.

^aExposure type was classified as supervised administrations when caregivers gave medications to children. Exposure type was classified as unsupervised ingestions when children accessed medications without adult permission or oversight.