Table 3. Multivariate associations of chronic HCV, cleared HCV and adjustment characteristics with CD4/CD8 ratios over time at WIHS visits where HIV viral loads were at the lower limit of quantification (LLQ)a,b.
| β | 95% CI | Z score | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HCV characteristics | |||||
| HCV antibody (-) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
| Cleared HCV | -0.10 | -0.17, -0.04 | -3.3 | 0.0009 | |
| Chronic HCV | -0.08 | -0.13, -0.03 | -3.1 | 0.002 | |
| Demographic characteristics | |||||
| Age | 0.01 | 0.01, 0.02 | 9.8 | <0.000001 | |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| African American | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
| Hispanic | 0.02 | -0.03, 0.06 | 0.7 | 0.47 | |
| White | 0.05 | -0.001, 0.10 | 1.9 | 0.06 | |
| Other | 0.07 | -0.04, 0.17 | 1.3 | 0.20 | |
| Education | |||||
| < High school | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
| High school | 0.01 | -0.03, 0.05 | 0.7 | 0.49 | |
| > High school | 0.06 | 0.02, 0.10 | 2.7 | 0.007 | |
| Unknown | 0.22 | -0.09, 0.53 | 1.4 | 0.17 | |
| Household income | |||||
| ≤ $12,000 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
| $12,001- $30,000 | 0.008 | -0.004, 0.02 | 1.3 | 0.20 | |
| > $30,000 | 0.01 | -0.007, 0.03 | 1.3 | 0.18 | |
| Unknown | -0.002 | -0.03, 0.02 | -0.1 | 0.89 | |
| Smoking | |||||
| Never | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
| Former | -0.01 | -0.08, 0.06 | -0.3 | 0.78 | |
| Current | -0.01 | -0.08, 0.06 | -0.4 | 0.70 | |
| Enrollment period | |||||
| 1994-1995 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
| 2001-2002 | 0.16 | 0.12, 0.20 | 7.7 | <0.000001 | |
| HIV disease characteristics | |||||
| HAART use | 0.04 | 0.01, 0.06 | 2.7 | 0.008 | |
| Log10 HIV copies/mL | -0.07 | -0.11, -0.04 | -4.4 | 0.00001 | |
| CD4+ cells/mL | 0.0006 | 0.0005, 0.0006 | 26.3 | <0.000001 | |
a
Analysis includes n=19,214 CD4/CD8 ratios measured over 39 WIHS visits (20 years)
b
All variables shown in Table 3 were analyzed together in a single multivariate GEE model