Table 4. Assessing whether addition of inflammatory biomarkers to Cox regression models attenuates the association between HIV infection (stratified by HIV-1 RNA at baseline) and mortality.
Hazard Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Unadjusted for IL-6, sCD14 or D-dimer | Adjusted for IL-6, sCD14 and D-dimer | Unadjusted for IL-6, sCD14 or D-dimer | Adjusted for IL-6, sCD14 and D-dimer | |
Model 1 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 2 | |
N (# deaths) | 2324 (411) | 2324 (411) | 2324 (411) | 2324 (411) |
HIV uninfected | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
HIV+ HIV-1 RNA<500 copies/mL | 1·12 (0·89-1·42) | 1·20 (0·94-1·53) | 1·04 (0·80-1·35) | 1·09 (0·84-1·42) |
HIV+ HIV-1 RNA 500-9999 copies/mL | 1·55 (1·09-2·19) | 1·58 (1·11-2·24) | 1·34 (0·93-1·92) | 1·42 (0·99-2·05) |
HIV+ HIV-1 RNA ≥10000 copies/mL | 2·94 (2.22-3·91) | 2·29 (1·72-3·07) | 2·18 (1·60-2·99) | 2·00 (1·45-2·76) |
Model 1 additionally adjusted for age and race-ethnicity.
Model 2 additionally adjusted for age, race-ethnicity, prevalent cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypertension, smoking, hepatitis C, BMI, total cholesterol and cholesterol lowering medication, alcohol use, cocaine use, hemoglobin, FIB-4, estimated glomerular filtration rate.
IL-6, sCD14 and D-dimer quartile thresholds were defined using quartile levels (25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles) among those who died. For, IL-6 these thresholds were 1·727, 2·91, and 5·043 pg/mL. For sCD14: 1592·84, 1883·51, and 2334·18 ug/mL. For D-dimer: 0·23, 0·39, and 0·86 ug/mL