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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jun 14.
Published in final edited form as: One Health. 2016 Dec;2:55–64. doi: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2016.03.002

Table 2. Relative risk reduction (RRR) of AIV-detection in studies assessing the long-term effects of interventions.

(sample collection over time periods >3 weeks)

Study Influenza strain Intervention Sampling period and AIV detection method a Ppre b Ppost RRR (95%CI)
(Yuan et al., 2014b) H7N9, H5, H9 weekly rest day, depopulation and C/D during the 33 days before and the 3–56 days after the implementation of the weekly rest day
(RT-PCR)		 rLPMs          
Total: 5.1%
(85/1660)		 Total: 4.1%
(92/2224)		 0.19
(−0.08; 0.39)
Env: 7.0%
(70/1007)		 Env: 4.6%
(64/1397)		 0.34
(0.08; 0.53)*
Bird: 2.3%
(15/653)		 Bird: 3.4%
(28/827)		 −0.47
(−1.74; 0.21)
wLPMs          
Total: 3.0%
(7/230)		 Total: 2.1%
(10/484)		 0.32
(−0.76; 0.74)
Env: 3.4%
(4/117)		 Env: 2.4%
(5/209)		 0.30
(−1.56; 0.81)
Bird: 2.7%
(3/113)		 Bird: 1.8%
(5/275)		 0.32
(−1.82; 0.83)
(Lau et al., 2007) H9N2 + monthly rest day, depopulation, C/D ~daily over a total time period of >6 years, during the time periods before or after the additive implementation of each intervention (chicken samples only) 5.7%
(360/6270)		 5.8%
(206/3542)		 −0.01
(−0.20; 0.14)
+ ban of live quail sales (virus isolation) 5.8%
(206/3542)		 3.2%
(152/4768)		 0.45
(0.33; 0.55)*
+ additional monthly rest day 3.2%
(152/4768)		 2.0%
(261/13035)		 0.37
(0.24; 0.48)*
all interventions (baseline: no intervention) 5.7%
(360/6270)		 2.0%
(261/13035)		 0.65
(0.59; 0.70)*
(Leung et al., 2012) H9N2 + monthly rest day, depopulation, C/D ~weekly or monthly over a period of ~11.5 years, during the time periods before or after the additive implementation of each intervention (chicken samples only) 5.9%
(345/5816)		 5.7%
(246/4334)		 0.04
(−0.12; 0.18)
+ Ban of live quail sales (virus isolation) 5.7%
(246/4334)		 2.6%
(110/4297)		 0.55
(0.44; 0.64)*
+ additional monthly rest day 2.6%
(110/4297)		 2.6%
(633/24286)		 −0.02
(−0.24; 0.17)
+ ban on poultry overnight storage 2.6%
(633/24286)		 0.2%
(11/4826)		 0.91
(0.84; 0.95)*
all interventions (baseline: no intervention) 5.9%
(345/5816)		 0.2%
(11/4826)		 0.96
(0.93; 0.98)*
a

Ppre= prevalence before the intervention;

b

Ppost= prevalence after the intervention

C/D= cleaning and disinfection; rLPM= retail LPM; wLPM= wholesale LPM

*

significant at the α=0.05 level