Table 1.

Summary of illustrative examples of immediate postpartum LARC implementation in domains of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and associated implementation strategies

CFIR domain	CFIR construct   within domain	Immediate postpartum LARC example	Associated implementation strategy	Implementation   strategy label [14]
Intervention     characteristics	Evidence   strength and   quality	Strong evidence of safety and efficacy   of immediate postpartum LARC;   provider misperceptions about the   impact of expulsion rates and   interference with lactation	Provider outreach and education at   provider professional meetings	Conduct educational   meetings
Outer setting	External policies   and incentives	State reimbursement strategies differ   from typical reimbursement   practices	ASTHO Multi-State Learning   Community for immediate   postpartum LARC	Create a learning   collaborative
Inner setting	Readiness for   implementation	Lack of devices stocked at facilities	Stocking devices in secured, automated   medication dispensing system on   labor and delivery floor; bed-side   tackle boxes stocked and available on   postpartum floor	Change physical   structure and   equipment
Characteristics   of individuals	Personal   Attributes of   Patients	Women’s knowledge, preferences, and   prior experiences with healthcare   and contraception	Incorporate women’s perspectives   about implementation efforts,   specifically counseling and consent	Involve   patients/consumers;   obtain and use   patient/consumer   feedback
	Provider Self-   efficacy	Lack of provider skills to insert   immediate postpartum IUDs	Outreach trainings to perinatal centers   with special pelvic models for hands-   on training	Conduct educational   outreach visits;   make training   dynamic
Process	Planning	Facility-specific protocols for   immediate postpartum LARC are   needed to support implementation	Develop toolkits to facilitate   implementation in birthing facilities	Identify and prepare   provider champions