Table 1.

Variable Definition for Country-level Policies and Individual-level Experimental Smoking and Demographic Characteristics

Variable Name	Description
Country-level policy variables-MPOWER
POS ad ban M score	Binary variable for banning advertising at the point of sale. Categorical variable; = 1 if no known data, or no recent data (since 2007) or data that is not both recent and representative (national population); = 2 if there are recent and representative data for either adults or youth; = 3 if there are recent and representative data for both adults and youth; = 4 if there are recent, representative and periodic data (at least every 5 years) for both adults and youth.
P score	Categorical variable; = 1 if data not reported or not categorized; = 2 if up to two public places completely smoke-free; = 3 if three to five public places completely smoke-free; = 4 if six to seven public places completely smoke-free; = 5 if all public places completely smoke-free (or at least 90% of the population covered by complete subnational smoke-free legislation; excluding pubs and bars where these are illegal)
O score	Categorical variable; = 1 if data not reported; = 2 if none; = 3 if there are nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and/or some cessation services (neither cost-covered); = 4 of there are NRT and/or some cessation services (at least one of which is cost-covered); = 5 if there are national quit lines, and both NRT and some cessation services cost-covered
W score	Categorical variable; = 1 if data not reported; = 2 if no warnings or small warnings (< 30%); = 3 if medium size warnings (30%–49%) missing one or more appropriate characteristics or large warnings (≥50%) missing four or more appropriate characteristics; = 4 if medium size warnings (30%–49%) with all seven appropriate characteristics or large warnings (≥50%) missing one or more appropriate characteristics; = 5 if large warnings (≥50%) with all seven appropriate characteristics
E score	Categorical variable; = 1 if data not reported; = 2 if none; = 3 if complete absence of ban, or ban that does not cover national TV, radio or print media; = 2 if ban on national TV, radio and print media only; = 3 if ban on national TV, radio and print media as well as on some but not all other forms of direct and/or indirect advertising; = 4 if ban on all forms of direct and indirect advertising.
R score	Categorical variable; = 1 if data not reported; = 2 if ≤25% of retail price is tax; = 3 if 26–50% of retail price is tax; = 4 if 51–75% of retail price is tax; = 5 if >75% of retail price is tax.
GDP per capita	Inflation-adjusted real GDP per capita in thousand dollars, base year 2005.
Individual-level variables
Experimental Smoking	Indicator equals 1 if the respondent ever smoked cigarettes, 0 otherwise
Age dummies	Binary indicators for 8 age categories (≤ 11-referent) from age 12 to 16, and ≥ 17.
Parents’ smoking status	Binary indicator for 5 categories of parents’ smoking status (neither as referent), both, father only, mother only, and missing/don’t know.