Table 2. GRADE evidence profile.
| Quality assessment | No of patients | Effect | Quality | Importance | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No of studies |
Design | Risk of bias |
Inconsistency | Indirectness | Imprecision | Other considerations |
Hand hygiene versus control (Combined data) |
Relative (95% CI) |
Absolute | |||
| Laboratory confirmed influenza (follow-up 2 to 19 months; assessed with: Nasal and/or throat swab specimen collected for RT-RCT or Quick-Vue test) | ||||||||||||
| 9 | Randomised trial1 | No serious risk of bias2,3,4 | No serious inconsistency5 | No serious indirectness6 | Serious7 | Strong association8 | 415/26426 (1.6%) | 613/29440 (2.1%) | RR 0.79 (0.61 to 1.02) | 5 fewer per 1000 (from 9 fewer to 1 more) | ○,+○,+○,+○,+ HIGH | CRITICAL |
| Clinically diagnosed influenza-like-illness (follow-up 2 to 19 months; assessed with: FARI definition (Fever AND sore throat AND/OR cough)) | ||||||||||||
| 10 | Randomised trials1 | No serious risk of bias9,10,11 | No serious inconsistency5 | No serious indirectness12 | Serious13 | None | 2171/26490 (8.2%) | 3094/29505 (10.5%) | RR 0.95 (0.77 to 1.17) | 5 fewer per 1000 (from 24 fewer to 18 more) | ○,+○,+○,+ O MODERATE | IMPORTANT |