Table II.
Characteristics of children hospitalized with CAP with and without neurologic disorders
| Characteristics | Group 1
|
Group 2
|
Group 3
|
P value
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any neurologic disorder (n = 280) No. (%) | Non-neurologic underlying condition (n = 934) No. (%) | No underlying condition (n = 1144) No. (%) | Group 1 vs 2 | Group 1 vs 3 | |
| Male | 160 (57.1) | 524 (56.1) | 607 (53.1) | .76 | .22 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 137 (48.9) | 314 (33.6) | 488 (42.7) | <.01 | .06 |
| Non-Hispanic black | 66 (23.6) | 420 (45.0) | 295 (25.8) | <.01 | .45 |
| Hispanic | 62 (22.1) | 132 (14.1) | 258 (22.6) | <.01 | .88 |
| Other | 15 (5.4) | 68 (7.3) | 103 (9.0) | .26 | .05 |
| Age groups | |||||
| <2 y | 79 (28.2) | 389 (41.7) | 587 (51.3) | <.01 | <.01 |
| 2–4 y | 72 (25.7) | 246 (26.3) | 277 (24.2) | .84 | .60 |
| 5–17 y | 129 (46.1) | 299 (32.0) | 280 (24.5) | <.01 | <.01 |
| Insurance status | |||||
| Public | 177 (63.2) | 637 (68.2) | 654 (57.2) | .12 | .07 |
| Parent’s education | |||||
| Some college or more | 179 (63.9) | 557 (59.6) | 676 (59.1) | .20 | .14 |
| Non-neurologic underlying condition | |||||
| Any non-neurologic underlying condition | 146 (52.1) | 934 (100) | NA | <.01 | NA |
| Congenital heart disease | 85 (30.4) | 87 (9.3) | NA | <.01 | NA |
| Asthma/RAD | 83 (29.6) | 696 (74.5) | NA | <.01 | NA |
| Chronic lung disease | 35 (12.5) | 59 (6.3) | NA | <.01 | NA |
| Preterm birth (<37 wk) | 26/79 (32.9) | 192/389 (49.4) | NA | <.01 | NA |
| Immunosuppressive condition | 12 (4.3) | 27 (2.9) | NA | .25 | NA |
| Other conditions* | 14 (5.0) | 43 (4.6) | NA | .78 | NA |
| Vaccination receipt status† | |||||
| H influenzae type B vaccine | 183/213 (85.9) | 543/631 (86.1) | 534/625 (85.4) | .96 | .86 |
| Pneumococcal vaccine | 142/167 (85.0) | 487/577 (84.4) | 462/577 (80.1) | .72 | .71 |
| Influenza vaccine | 111/266 (41.7) | 230/844 (27.3) | 271/943 (28.7) | <.01 | <.01 |
| Social factors | |||||
| Lives in household with smoker | 81/278 (29.1) | 361/929 (38.9) | 388/1137 (34.1) | <.01 | .11 |
| Daycare attendance | 41/202 (20.3) | 253/757 (33.4) | 287/961 (29.9) | <.01 | <.01 |
| Reported symptoms | |||||
| Cough | 255 (91.1) | 898 (96.2) | 1077 (94.1) | <.01 | .06 |
| Fever | 251 (89.6) | 851 (91.1) | 1053 (92.1) | .46 | .19 |
| Shortness of breath | 197 (70.4) | 710 (76.0) | 750 (65.6) | .06 | .13 |
| Vomiting/nausea | 114 (40.7) | 518 (55.5) | 651 (56.9) | <.01 | <.01 |
| Diarrhea | 64 (22.9) | 253 (27.1) | 401 (35.1) | .16 | <.01 |
| Seizures | 47 (16.8) | 10 (1.1) | 19 (1.7) | <.01 | <.01 |
| Clinical findings | |||||
| Chest indrawing | 149/276 (54.0) | 542/925 (58.6) | 587/1135 (51.7) | .17 | .50 |
| Tachypnea‡ | 144/270 (53.3) | 546/875 (62.4) | 569/1083 (52.5) | .01 | .82 |
| Hypoxia§ | 138/278 (49.6) | 334/926 (36.1) | 424/1136 (37.3) | <.01 | <.01 |
| Altered mental status | 26/266 (9.8) | 22/924 (2.4) | 10/1129 (0.9) | <.01 | <.01 |
| Hypotension¶ | 9/280 (3.2) | 8/931 (0.9) | 9/1133 (0.8) | <.01 | <.01 |
| Illness onset to hospital admission, d (median, IQR) | 3 (1–6) | 3 (1–5) | 4 (2–6) | .58 | <.01 |
NA, not applicable.
Other condition includes chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, chronic liver disease, and history of splenectomy.
Based on verified vaccine information. For all 3 vaccines, vaccination is considered received if given ≥2 wk prior to admission. For H influenzae type B vaccine, this was based on 1459/1469 (99%) children ≥19 mo for whom information was available; vaccinated was defined as having received ≥3 doses H influenzae type B vaccine. For pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, this was based on 1272/1280 (99%) of children 19 mo to 12 y for whom information was available; vaccinated was defined as having received ≥3 pneumococcal vaccine doses. For influenza vaccine, this was based on 2053/2084 (99%) children ≥6 mo for whom information was available; vaccinated was defined as having received ≥1 influenza vaccine dose during season. An influenza season was defined as September 1 to August 31 of the concurrent year.
Tachypnea is defined as ≥60 breaths per min in infants <2 mo; ≥50 breaths per min in infants ≥2 mo to <12 mo; ≥40 breaths per min in children ≥1 y to <5 y; and ≥25 breaths per min in ≥5 y to <18 y.
Hypoxia is defined as an oxygen saturation <92% on presentation or the receipt of any supplemental oxygen on presentation.
Hypotension is defined as a systolic blood pressure <60 mm Hg in infants <1 mo; <70 mm Hg in infants ≥1 mo to <1 y; <70 mm Hg + (2 mm Hg * age in y) in children ≥1 y to <10 y; and <90 in children ≥10 y.