Twenty-eight days after left renal subcapsular infusion of siRNA and following left ureteral retrograde adeno-associated virus (AAV) treatment from day 14 to day 28, the mice were euthanized. mRNA expression and protein (25 kDa) expression of TNF-α in the renal cortex were determined by qRT-PCR and immunoblot, respectively. One set of immunoblots is shown. Renal cortical mRNA expression of TGF-β, fibronectin 1 (FN1), IL-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1) in the mouse kidneys from indicated groups was quantified by qRT-PCR. GAPDH mRNA was used for normalization of the data, n =3 per group. *P < 0.05 vs. all others, **P < 0.05 vs. CAAV+Drd2 siRNA group, 1-way ANOVA and Tukey test. DRD2, dopamine D2 receptor; NSsiRNA, nonsilencing siRNA.