Table 2.
Association of dietary selenium intake with total and cause-specific mortality in the Shanghai Women’s Health Study (SWHS; 1997–2000) and the Shanghai Men’s Health Study (SMHS; 2002–2006)
| Cause of Death | Quintile category
|
P for trend * | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||
| Shanghai Women’s Health Study | ||||||
| All causes | ||||||
| Median(ug/4184KJ (1000kcal) per d) † | 15.86 | 21.16 | 25.18 | 30.02 | 42.22 | |
| No. of deaths/person-years | 1863/199978 | 1285/203892 | 1033/204976 | 892/205253 | 676/205437 | |
| Model 1‡ | 1.00(reference) | 0.94(0.88–1.01) | 0.89(0.82–0.96) | 0.85(0.79–0.93) | 0.76(0.69–0.83) | <.0001 |
| Model 2§ | 1.00(reference) | 0.96(0.89–1.03) | 0.92(0.84–1.00) | 0.90(0.82–0.99) | 0.79(0.71–0.88) | <.0001 |
| CVD | ||||||
| No. of deaths/person-years | 648/199978 | 390/203892 | 303/204976 | 235/205253 | 176/205437 | |
| Model 1‡ | 1.00(reference) | 0.90(0.79–1.02) | 0.85(0.74–0.97) | 0.76(0.65–0.89) | 0.71(0.60–0.84) | <.0001 |
| Model 2§ | 1.00(reference) | 0.94(0.82–1.07) | 0.93(0.80–1.08) | 0.87(0.73–1.03) | 0.80(0.66–0.98) | 0.0268 |
| Cancer | ||||||
| No. of deaths/person-years | 708/199978 | 559/203892 | 482/204976 | 451/205253 | 354/205437 | |
| Model 1‡ | 1.00(reference) | 1.00(0.89–1.12) | 0.97(0.86–1.09) | 0.98(0.87–1.11) | 0.87(0.76–0.99) | 0.0326 |
| Model 2§ | 1.00(reference) | 1.02(0.90–1.14) | 1.00(0.87–1.14) | 1.02(0.89–1.17) | 0.90(0.77–1.05) | 0.1539 |
| Shanghai Men’s Health Study | ||||||
| All causes | ||||||
| Median(ug/4184KJ (1000kcal) per d) † | 16.46 | 21.33 | 25.09 | 29.72 | 41.7 | |
| No. of deaths/person-years | 1136/98122 | 885/98995 | 819/99583 | 745/100137 | 632/101936 | |
| Model 1‡ | 1.00(reference) | 0.86(0.78–0.93) | 0.82(0.75–0.90) | 0.79(0.72–0.87) | 0.77(0.70–0.85) | <.0001 |
| Model 2§ | 1.00(reference) | 0.91(0.83–0.99) | 0.86(0.78–0.95) | 0.82(0.73–0.91) | 0.79(0.70–0.89) | 0.0001 |
| CVD | ||||||
| No. of deaths/person-years | 433/98122 | 302/98995 | 253/99583 | 235/100137 | 179/101936 | |
| Model 1‡ | 1.00(reference) | 0.78(0.67–0.90) | 0.68(0.58–0.80) | 0.68(0.58–0.80) | 0.61(0.51–0.72) | <.0001 |
| Model 2§ | 1.00(reference) | 0.85(0.73–1.00) | 0.75(0.63–0.89) | 0.73(0.61–0.88) | 0.66(0.54–0.82) | 0.0002 |
| Cancer | ||||||
| No. of deaths/person-years | 432/98122 | 366/98995 | 356/99583 | 325/100137 | 319/101936 | |
| Model 1‡ | 1.00(reference) | 0.92(0.80–1.05) | 0.92(0.80–1.05) | 0.88(0.76–1.02) | 0.98(0.85–1.13) | 0.8311 |
| Model 2§ | 1.00(reference) | 0.95(0.82–1.10) | 0.94(0.81–1.10) | 0.90(0.76–1.06) | 0.97(0.81–1.15) | 0.7802 |
HR, hazard ratio.
P values for trend were estimated by assigning the median intake value for the quartile to each person and including this as a continuous variable in the model.
Dietary intakes were adjusted for energy intake using nutrient density method, and expressed as per ug/4184KJ (1000kcal) per d.
Adjusted for age and total energy intake.
Adjusted for age, birth cohort, education, income, marital status, occupation, body mass index, physical activity, total energy intake, dietary fat intake, vitamin supplement use, smoking status, drinking status, status with regard to a history of hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease or stroke, family history of cancer and menopausal status (women only).