Table 2.
Distribution of index patient and household sociodemographic characteristics and risk factors by study
| US N= 139 |
NL N= 61 |
AU N= 96 |
Pooled N= 296 |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | N | % | N | % | P | N | % | |
| Index patient sociodemographic characteristics | |||||||||
| Male | 51 | 37 | 29 | 48 | 51 | 53 | 0.04 | 131 | 44 |
| ≤18 years | 41 | 29 | 9 | 15 | 20 | 21 | 0.06 | 70 | 24 |
| Born in country | 19* | 14 | 55* | 90 | 70* | 73 | <.001 | 144 | 49 |
| Graduated high school | 63 | 45 | 40 | 66 | 64 | 67 | 0.00 | 167 | 56 |
| Index patient acquisition risk factors | |||||||||
| In day care | 9 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 0.30 | 14 | 5 |
| In school | 42* | 30 | 6 | 10 | 9* | 9 | <.001 | 57 | 19 |
| Working | 53 | 38 | 28 | 46 | 35 | 36 | 0.47 | 116 | 39 |
| Plays sports | 36* | 26 | 28 | 46 | 52* | 54 | <.001 | 116 | 39 |
| Recent international travel | 29* | 21 | 32* | 52 | 48* | 50 | <.001 | 109 | 37 |
| Recent surgery | 16* | 12 | 33* | 54 | 17 | 18 | <.001 | 66 | 22 |
| Recent hospital admission | 31* | 22 | 34* | 56 | 37 | 39 | <.001 | 102 | 34 |
| Index patient transmission risk factors | |||||||||
| Recent skin condition | 32 | 23 | 15 | 25 | 33 | 34 | 0.14 | 80 | 27 |
| Recent abscess | 129* | 93 | 32 | 52 | 34* | 36 | <.001 | 195 | 66 |
| Index patient colonized with the clinical isolate | 21* | 15 | 37* | 61 | 23 | 24 | <.001 | 81 | 27 |
| Other HH member acquisition risk factors | |||||||||
| Recent surgery | 11 | 8 | 16* | 26 | 10 | 10 | 0.00 | 37 | 13 |
| HH transmission risk factors | |||||||||
| Pet presence (dog/cat) | 43 | 31 | 24 | 39 | 45 | 47 | 0.05 | 112 | 38 |
| Towel sharing | 37* | 27 | 20 | 33 | 83* | 86 | <.001 | 140 | 47 |
| Razor sharing | 19 | 14 | 8 | 13 | 9 | 9 | 0.57 | 36 | 12 |
| Recent skin condition | 53 | 38 | 27 | 44 | 48 | 50 | 0.19 | 128 | 43 |
| Recent abscess | 130* | 94 | 34 | 58 | 55* | 57 | <.001 | 219 | 74 |
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | P | Mean | SD | |
| HH sociodemographic characteristics | |||||||||
| Household size | 4.4 | 1.8 | 2.9 | 1.1 | 3.3 | 1.5 | <.001 | 3.7 | 1.7 |
| Percent of males (× 10) | 44.5 | 22.3 | 46.1 | 17.0 | 50.1 | 16.7 | 0.03 | 46.6 | 19.7 |
| Percent of children <18 years (×10) | 30.8 | 23.4 | 18.0 | 23.7 | 21.1 | 24.7 | <.001 | 25.0 | 24.5 |
| Time to Interview | |||||||||
| Days from clinical culture to interview | 33 | 20 | 43 | 25 | 114 | 76 | <.001 | 61 | 59 |
Notes:
P-value refers to test for heterogeneity between studies. Chi-square tests were used for categorical variables and ANOVA for continuous variables.
*
indicates standardized residuals are>1.96 or <-1.96, thus indicating which specific study is accounting for observed heterogeneity between studies
HH = household