Table 3.

Overview of studies on outcome after acute respiratory failure for children post-transplant requiring mechanical ventilation

Study design	Enrollment period	Ventilated HSCT patients (n)	PICU survival (%)	Long-term survival	Factors associated with mortality	Ref
Retrospective	1983-1996	121	16	N/A	Respiratory failure Pulmonary dysfunction >1 organ dysfunction	97
Retrospective	1990-1999	86	41	20% 2 yr	Hepatic dysfunction Use of HFOV	98
Retrospective	1991-2000	34	24	N/A	Male gender MOF ≥ 3 Hemorrhagic cystitis GVHD Gr III-IV	99
Prospective	1993-2001	24	21	17% 1 yr	MOF	100
Retrospective	1994-1998	31	42	13% 6 mo	MV > 48 hours	101
Retrospective	1998-2001	13	15	NR	MV > 5 days	102
Retrospective	1992-2004	65	*59%	54% 100 d	PaO2/FiO2 < 300 PEEP > 8 cm 24 hours No survivor HFOV	103
Meta-analysis	1973-2004	822	29%	N/A	Pulmonary infection	104
Retrospective	1996-2004	206	45%	18% 6 mo	Previous intubation Within 6 months Hepatic/cardiac failure	105
Retrospective	2000-2006	36	31%	25% 6 mo	MV > 7 days CRRT > 7 days Pressor support	106
Retrospective	2002-2009	28	31%	N/A	**Oxygenation index ≥ 25 associated with 100% mortality	107
Retrospective	2004-2010	88	39%	N/A	CRRT	108

Abbreviations : PICU, pediatric intensive care-unit; N/A, not available; MOF, multi-organ failure; MV, mechanical ventilation; PEEP, positive-end expiratory pressure; CRRT, continuous renal replacement therapy; d, days; mo, months; yr, year.

^*During the period 2000-2004

^**Oxygenation index is defined as FiO₂/PaO₂ × mean airway pressure.