a Thioester domain (TED), thioester bond in VDW spheres, α3-a4, α5-α6 (catalytic) and α9-α10 (β-hairpin) loops shown in pink. b–d Topology and ribbon diagram of the three β-sheet domains of complement C3, α2-macroglobulin (A2M) and AgTEP1. b CUB domain, strand 1 corresponds to strand 3 of the canonical CUB fold. c MG2, β-strands labeled according to fnIII, with A-B-E forming one sheet, and C-C′-F-G the other. d MG8, β-α-β insertion highlighted in yellow. e Chemical reactions of the thioester loop CGEQ: autolytic cleavage, nucleophilic substitution and nucleophilic catalysis. PDB IDs (Table 1): a 2A73, 4D94, b 2WII, 4ACQ, 4D94, c 2A74, 2P9R, 4D94, d 2A73, 1AYO, 4D94