Table 1.
Participant characteristics by body composition category in 11,616 participants of NHANES 1999–2004
| Characteristic | Non- sarcopenic, non-obese |
Sarcopenia only |
Obese only | Sarcopenic obese |
P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proportion (%) | 49.4 (0.9) | 10.9 (0.4) | 36.2 (0.7) | 3.4 (0.2) | |
| Age (years) | 42.2 (0.3) | 47.9 (0.6) | 49.5 (0.3) | 63.4 (0.9) | <0.001 |
| Women (%) | 50.3 (0.6) | 52.6 (1.6) | 51.6 (0.7) | 42.3 (2.7) | 0.009 |
| Race/Ethnicity (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 69.9 (1.6) | 76.5 (2.3) | 73.7 (1.8) | 81.7 (3.3) | |
| Mexican American | 7.2 (0.7) | 7.0 (1.0) | 7.5 (1.2) | 4.9 (1.3) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 12.1 (1.1) | 3.7 (0.5) | 10.2 (1.1) | 1.9 (0.5) | |
| Other | 10.8 (1.3) | 12.8 (1.8) | 8.6 (1.3) | 11.5 (2.7) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.8 (0.1) | 20.9 (0.1) | 33.7 (0.2) | 25.2 (0.1) | <0.001 |
| BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 proportion (%) | 10.8 (0.5) | 0 | 69.8 (1.2) | 2.3 (0.6) | <0.001 |
| Education (% ≥ high school) | 81.2 (0.8) | 78.5 (1.5) | 78.9 (0.8) | 76.1 (3.0) | 0.02 |
| Smoking status | <0.001 | ||||
| Never | 51.1 | 43.3 | 50.8 | 40.9 | |
| Former | 21.6 | 22.4 | 30.0 | 36.5 | |
| Current | 27.4 | 34.2 | 19.2 | 22.5 | |
| Activity level (MET-min/wk, %) | <0.001 | ||||
| 0 | 13.1 (0.7) | 19.7 (1.3) | 19.6 (0.9) | 25.0 (2.8) | |
| <500 | 17.9 (1.3) | 20.7 (1.5) | 24.3 (0.8) | 27.2 (2.4) | |
| 500–2000 | 35.1 (0.7) | 36.0 (1.5) | 35.2 (0.8) | 30.4 (3.0) | |
| >2000 | 33.8 (0.9) | 23.6 (1.6) | 20.9 (1.1) | 17.5 (2.3) | |
| Hypertension (%) | 30.1 (1.0) | 32.0 (2.0) | 54.0 (1.1) | 66.7 (3.4) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 5.5 (0.5) | 4.5 (0.6) | 14.2 (0.6) | 10.9 (1.7) | <0.001 |
| Cardiovascular disease (%) | 5.2 (0.5) | 9.0 (0.8) | 11.4 (0.6) | 22.0 (2.7) | <0.001 |
| History of cancer (%) | 4.7 (0.4) | 8.8 (0.7) | 7.4 (0.5) | 17.5 (2.0) | <0.001 |
| eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 (%) | 4.1 (0.3) | 7.3 (0.8) | 8.1 (0.4) | 17.8 (1.9) | <0.001 |
| UACR >30 mg/g (%) | 6.9 (0.4) | 11.2 (1.2) | 10.9 (0.7) | 17.0 (2.0) | <0.001 |
| Serum bicarbonate (mEq/L) | 24.2 (0.1) | 24.6 (0.1) | 23.9 (0.1) | 24.6 (0.2) | 0.001 |
| Serum albumin (g/dL) | 4.40 (0.01) | 4.40 (0.01) | 4.25 (0.01) | 4.31 (0.02) | <0.001 |
| Serum CRP >1 mg/dL (%) | 5.1 (0.4) | 6.1 (0.7) | 16.2 (0.7) | 12.6 (1.8) | <0.001 |
| % Total body fat | 30.2 (0.1) | 29.1 (0.2) | 40.4 (0.1) | 38.4 (0.4) | <0.001 |
| ASMI (kg/m2) | 7.6 (0.0) | 5.6 (0.0) | 8.4 (0.0) | 6.0 (0.1) | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; UACR, urine albumin-creatinine ratio; CRP, C-reactive protein; ASMI, appendicular skeletal muscle mass index.
Data are expressed as mean (standard error (SE)) or percent (SE).