Table 3.
MRI Brain Region & Neurocognitive Measures Findings & Significance
| Study | MRI Brain Region | Sig. | Neurocognitive Measures | Sig. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chapman et al. (2013) | Anterior cingulate region | + | Executive function: Trails A & B | NS |
| Memory – California Verbal Learning Test II, Wechsler Memory Scale IV | ||||
| Colcombe, et al. (2004) | Anterior cingulate region | − | Behavioral conflict: reaction time | − |
| Middle, superior frontal gyrus | + | |||
| Superior parietal lobule | + | |||
| Erickson et al. (2011) | L/R anterior/posterior hippocampus | + | Spatial memory task: computer test | NS |
| L/R caudate nucleus | NS | |||
| Holzschneider et al. (2012) | Medial front gyrus | + | Spatial cognition: viewpoint, path integration task | NS |
| Cuneus | + | Spatial cognition: viewpoint, path integration task | NS | |
| Hippocampus, retrosplenial cortex, parahippocampal gyrus, frontal region, temporal region, cingulate region | NS | Spatial cognition: viewpoint, path integration task | NS | |
| Occipital region | NS | Perceptual cognition: visual discrimination task | NS | |
| Mortimer et al. (2012) | Whole brain volume | NS | ||
| Rey Figure (copying) | − | |||
| WAIS digit span, Bell cancellation test, Stroop Test, Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Category Verbal Fluency, WAIS Similarities, Trails A & B Time, Clock drawing test, Boston Naming Test, Mattis Dementia Rating Scale | NS | |||
| Voelcker-Rehage et al. (2011) | R medial frontal gyrus | NS | Executive control: modified Flanker Task | + |
| Perceptual speed: Visual Search Task | NS | |||
| L anterior cingulate | NS | Executive control: modified Flanker Task | NS | |
| R posterior cingulate | NS | Executive control: modified Flanker Task | NS | |
| R parahippocampal gyrus | NS | Executive control: modified Flanker Task | NS | |
| Perceptual speed: Visual Search Task | NS | |||
| R superior temporal gyrus | NS | |||
| R lentiform nucleus | NS | |||
| L parahippocampal gyrus | − | |||
| R superior, middle temporal gyrus | − | |||
| L anterior cingulate | − | Executive control: modified Flanker Task | NS | |
| IQ: neuropsychological battery (Digit-Symbol Substitution & Identical picture task, Figural Analogies & Letter Series, Paired Associate Test, Verbal Fluency, Vocabulary Test) | NS |
Note. NS = not significant, + = significant positive change, − = significant negative change. Blank cells indicate that there was no corresponding MRI brain region or neurocognitive test.