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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cell Mol Life Sci. 2017 Apr 28;74(18):3363–3375. doi: 10.1007/s00018-017-2529-6

Figure. Methods to Identify Substrates of E3 Ligase.

Figure

Classes of E3s are indicated in the center, and techniques and approaches for the identification of substrates are categorized as follows (orange boxes): Pull-downs coupled with in vitro ubiquitylation reactions; Cell-based screens; Co-immunoprecipitations (Co-IPs) or affinity purification (AP) of the E3; Substrate traps. Examples of techniques covered under these subcategories are circled.