TABLE 2.
Postoperative Seizure Outcomes Stratified by Patient Characteristics
| Engel I | Engel II–IV | P value | Studies | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) Demographics | Age | <18 yr | 81 (74) | 28 (26) | <.001* | 3, 8, 14, 15, 24, 26, 28, 34, 36, 55 |
| ≥18 yr | 46 (50) | 46 (50) | ||||
| Gender | Female | 21 (58) | 15 (42) | .25 | 3, 14, 15, 25, 26, 28, 33, 36 | |
| Male | 36 (72) | 14 (28) | ||||
| Side | Left | 62 (62) | 38 (38) | .54 | 3, 8, 10, 14, 15, 25–28, 33, 34, 36 | |
| Right | 57 (67) | 28 (33) | ||||
| (B) Epilepsy characteristics | Pathology | MCD | 61 (71) | 25 (29) | <.001* | 3–5, 8, 10, 13–15, 25–28, 33, 34, 36 |
| Tumor | 44 (82) | 10 (18) | ||||
| Vascular malformation | 18 (72) | 7 (28) | ||||
| Gliosis only or normal | 25 (53) | 22 (47) | ||||
| Other | 5 (25) | 15 (75) | ||||
| Seizure type | Partial only | 31 (59) | 22 (41) | .26 | 3, 5, 14, 25–28, 33, 36 | |
| Generalized | 27 (47) | 31 (53) | ||||
| Preoperative | Yes | 304 (64) | 174 (36) | .62 | 3, 8, 14, 15, 25, 28, 29, 34 | |
| visual deficit | No | 57 (67) | 28 (33) | |||
| Visual aura | Yes | 32 (46) | 38 (54) | .06 | 3, 26–28, 32–34 | |
| No | 17 (71) | 7 (29) | ||||
| Duration of epilepsy | <5 yr | 29 (67) | 14 (33) | .10 | 8, 27, 28, 34 | |
| 5–10 yr | 24 (62) | 15 (38) | ||||
| 10–20 yr | 11 (48) | 12 (52) | ||||
| > 20 yr | 6 (35) | 11 (65) | ||||
| (C) Diagnostics | Ictal EEG | Localized | 72 (62) | 45 (38) | .99 | 3, 5, 8, 12, 25–28, 34, 36 |
| Not localized | 49 (62) | 30 (38) | ||||
| Interictal EEG | Localized | 55 (58) | 40 (42) | .64 | 3, 5, 8, 12, 25–28, 34, 36 | |
| Not localized | 49 (62) | 30 (38) | ||||
| MRI | Abnormal | 86 (74) | 30 (26) | <.001* | 3, 8, 15, 25–28, 34, 36 | |
| Normal | 14 (33) | 29 (67) | ||||
| (D) Surgical factors | Resection extent | Occipital only | 78 (67) | 38 (33) | .75 | 3, 4, 8, 13, 14, 25–27, 32–34, 36 |
| Temporo-occipital | 32 (68) | 15 (32) | ||||
| Parieto-occipital | 18 (62) | 11 (38) | ||||
| Temporo-parieto-occipital | 19 (76) | 6 (24) | ||||
| Resection type | Lesionectomy | 56 (70) | 24 (30) | .02 | 3–5, 14, 15, 25, 32, 34 | |
| Corticectomy | 5 (50) | 5 (50) | ||||
| Lobectomy | 21 (51) | 20 (49) | ||||
| Quandrantectomy | 12 (92) | 1 (8) | ||||
| Total | 379 (65) | 205 (35) |
EEG = electroencephalography; MRI = magnetic resonance imaging.
*
Statistically significant value (P ≤ .05).