Figure 9.

Errors in u, p, and χ in L¹, L², and L^∞ norms for the dynamic (γ = 0.15) version of the orthotropic shell model of sec. 5.1.2. Errors for the unified formulation appear as solid lines, and errors for the partitioned formulation appear as dashed lines. Reference lines with slope −1 are provided for the u and χ error data. For p, reference lines with slopes −1 and −0.5 are provided for the L¹ and L² norm data, respectively. The unified formulation generally yields modest improvements in the accuracy for u and χ, whereas the partitioned formulation generally yields improved accuracy for p, especially for relatively coarse structural mesh spacings.