TABLE 1.
Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter Air Pollution in Relation to All-Cause Mortality in the Nurses’ Health Study: United States, 2000–2006
| Model | % of Person-Years | Rate Ratio (95% CI)/10 μg/m3 | P, Test for Multiplicative Interaction | Rate Difference (95% CI)/10 μg/m3/Person-Months | P, Test for Additive Interaction |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Main effect only | 1.13 (1.05, 1.22) | 0.0044 (−0.0084, 0.0173) | |||
|
| |||||
| Interaction by age, y | .34 | < .001 | |||
| < 60 | 13 | 1.35 (0.84, 2.16) | −0.0008 (−0.0291, 0.0275) | ||
| 60 to < 70 | 42 | 1.02 (0.86, 1.21) | 0.0007 (−0.0197, 0.0211) | ||
| ≥70 | 45 | 1.16 (1.06, 1.26) | 0.0079 (−0.0100, 0.0258) | ||
|
| |||||
| Interaction by race | .76 | < .001 | |||
| White | 94 | 1.12 (1.04, 1.22) | 0.0037 (−0.0096, 0.0169) | ||
| Black | 2 | 1.25 (0.94, 1.66) | 0.0149 (−0.0326, 0.0624) | ||
| Other | 4 | 1.26 (0.94, 1.68) | 0.0129 (−0.0357, 0.0615) | ||
Note. CI = confidence interval. Adjusted for age (months), calendar year, race, region, season, smoking status, pack-years, family history of myocardial infarction, body mass index, hypercholesterolemia, median family income in census tract of residence, median house value in census tract of residence, physical activity, alternate healthy eating index, nurses’ education, occupation of both parents, marital status, and husbands’ education.