Putative pathogens by RNA sequencing and/or pan-viral group polymerase chain reaction in children with pneumonia with no identifiable etiology (n = 70; red) and asymptomatic control subjects (n = 90; blue). In 31% of detections, other putative pathogens were codetected (hashed bars), whereas no other putative pathogen was detected in the remaining samples (monodetection). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) are shown. Only monodetection of human bocavirus was significantly associated with community-acquired pneumonia. Abbreviations: HBoV, human bocavirus; HPeV, human parechovirus HPIV-4, human parainfluenza virus type 4; HRV-A, human rhinovirus A; HRV-C, human rhinovirus C.