Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of PRIDE Participants by Race/Ethnicity.
| Characteristic | All Participants (n = 398) | Non-Hispanic White (n = 234) | Non-Hispanic Black (n = 72) | Hispanic (n = 92) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD)a | 50.85 (9.44) | 52.04 (8.80) | 48.21 (10.04) | 49.87 (10.08) | .005 |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD)a | 35.85 (8.97) | 37.77 (9.00) | 35.72 (9.16) | 30.98 (6.65) | < .001 |
| Female, n (%)a | 243 (61) | 140 (60) | 41 (57) | 60 (65) | .53 |
| Educationb | |||||
| <12 years, n (%) | 147 (37.1) | 64 (27.5) | 19 (26.4) | 64 (70.3) | |
| 12 years, n (%) | 138 (34.8) | 100 (42.9) | 27 (37.5) | 11 (12.1) | |
| >12 years, n (%) | 111 (28.0) | 69 (29.6) | 26 (37.5) | 16 (17.6) | |
| Incomeb | |||||
| ≤$10,000/year, n (%) | 214 (54.3) | 127 (54.3) | 45 (64.3) | 42 (46.7) | .09 |
| >$10,000/year, n (%) | 180 (45.7) | 107 (45.7) | 25 (35.7) | 48 (53.3) | |
| Hemoglobin A1C, mean (SD)a | 9.62 (2.07) | 9.42 (1.96) | 10.10 (2.34) | 9.75 (2.06) | .04 |
| DNT-5, mean (SD)a | 0.46 (0.38) | 0.60 (0.36) | 0.30 (0.29) | 0.23 (0.31) | < .001 |
| SNS, mean (SD)a | 26.01 (9.56) | 25.93 (9.88) | 23.99 (9.02) | 27.80 (8.83) | < .039 |
| BHLS, mean (SD)a | 10.61 (3.46) | 11.09 (3.50) | 11.06 (3.20) | 9.07 (3.15) | < .001 |
| S-TOFHLA, mean (SD)a | 29.22 (10.51) | 31.75 (8.11) | 31.49 (6.42) | 21.20 (13.87) | < .001 |
Note. BHLS = Brief Health Literacy Screen; BMI = body mass index; DNT-5 = Diabetes Numeracy Test; PRIDE, Partnering to Improve Diabetes Education; SD = standard deviation; SNS = Subjective Numeracy Scale; S-TOFHLA = Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults.
a
One-way analysis of variance was used to compare differences in age, BMI, sex, mean hemoglobin A1C, and scores for DNT-5, SNS, BHLS, and S-TOFHLA across racial/ethnic subgroups.
b
Chi-square test was used to compare differences in the highest level of education completed and income across racial/ethnic subgroups.