Table 2.
Unadjusted Utilization Frequencies Presented as Sample Numerator/Sample Denominatora (%) and Multivariable Adjustedb Utilization Rates and Adjusted Odds Ratio by Stratified Practice Setting, 1997–2011
| Community-Based Practice (n=9,783) (ref) |
Hospital-Based Practices (n=16,306) |
P-value | Community- Based Practice (n=9,730) (ref) |
Hospital-Based Practices (n=16,306) |
aOR | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted | Adjusted | |||||
| Antibiotics (URI) | 1,684/3,389 (49.1) | 2,898/6,023 (52.1) | .156 | 49.4 | 49.2 | 0.99 [0.82–1.21] |
| CT/MRI (Back pain/headache) | 404/6,443 (6.3) | 726/10,346 (8.3) | .012 | 5.8 | 8.2 | 1.44 [1.13–1.85] |
| X-Ray (Back Pain) | 775/8,123 (9.9) | 1,689/13,451 (12.8) | <.001 | 9.5 | 12.9 | 1.41 [1.16–1.71] |
| Specialty Referrals (all 3 conditions) | 740/9,783 (7.6) | 3,128/16,306 (19.0) | <.001 | 7.1 | 17.3 | 2.74 [2.23–3.36] |
Bold values indicate comparisons with p-values less than .05.
URI = upper respiratory infection; aOR = adjusted odds ratio
a
Percentages may not match the value of the numerator divided by the denominator because percentages are population weighted.
b
Models adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, insurance status, symptom acuity, comorbidities, geographic region, urban location, and whether the generalist was the patient’s usual primary care provider.