Table 4.

Multivariable Adjusted^* Acute vs. Non-Acute Visit Utilization Rates by Practice Setting, 1997–2011 (%)

	Community-Based Practice (ref) Acute n=7,101 Nonacute n=2,682	Hospital-Based Practice Acute n=12,428 Nonacute n=3,878	aOR
Antibiotics
Acute	51.5	51.2	0.99 [0.82–1.21]
Non-acute	34.2	27.0	0.71 [0.41–1.24]
CT/MRI
Acute	6.9	8.6	1.27 [1.02–1.58]
Non-acute	3.8	7.4	2.03 [1.25–3.31]
X-Ray
Acute	10.5	13.1	1.28 [1.05–1.57]
Non-acute	6.4	12.5	2.09 [1.46–3.00]
Specialty Referrals
Acute	7.1	17.9	2.85 [2.29–3.54]
Non-acute	6.9	13.4	2.10 [1.49–2.96]

aOR = adjusted odds ratio

^*Models adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, insurance status, comorbidities, geographic region, urban location, and whether the generalist was the patient’s usual primary care provider.