Table 4.

Estimates of Fixed Effects, Random Effects, and Goodness of Fit for Cubic Growth Models Using Group, SES, Parent Number Word Input, and Parent Other Word Input to Predict Intercept and Change in Children’s Point-to-X Performance (n = 91)

	Unconditional model	Adding group, SES	Adding SES, number word input, other word input
	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
Fixed Effects
Intercept	12.19*** (.27)	12.71*** (.30)	12.47*** (.31)
Linear Change	.28*** (.03)	.32*** (.04)	.31*** (.04)
Group		−1.00~ (.58)	−1.43** (.51)
Group × Age		−.13~ (.07)	−0.13~ (.07)
SES		.84*** (.25)	.52* (.23)
SES × Age		−.08** (.03)	−0.08** (.03)
Number word input			.01* (.01)
Number word input × Age			.00005 (.001)
Other word input			.0005** (.0002)
Other word input × Age			.00001 (.00002)
Random effects
Level 2
Intercept	5.78*** (2.40)	4.82*** (2.20)	3.95*** (1.99)
Linear Change	0.01 (.11)	.02 (.12)	.02 (.15)
Goodness of fit −2 log likelihood	1211.46 (4)	1124.60 (4)	1160.67 (4)

Note. SES = socioeconomic status.

^~p < .10.

^*p < .05.

^**p < .01.

^***p < .001