Table 1.
Summary of Resveratrol’s clinical effects
| Disease type | Study conditions | Length of trial | Resveratrol dosage | Biomarker changes | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cancer | ||||||
| Prostate cancer | 14 patients, phase 1 trial | 2–31 months (depending on patient) | 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, or 4000 mg of MPX. Every 500 mg MPX has 4.4 μg resveratrol | Increase in PSADT | Beneficial | 33 |
| Prostate cancer | 66 patients, randomized, placebo-controlled, single-site clinical trial | 4 months | 150 mg or 1000 mg daily | Decrease in androstenedione, DHEA, and DHEAS. No effect on prostate size and PSA levels | None | 34 |
| Colorectal cancer | 9 patients randomized, placebo-controlled, double blind, phase 1 trial | 14 days prior to surgery | 5.0 g SRT501 | Increase in cleaved Caspase-3 (apoptosis) | Beneficial | 26 |
| Colorectal cancer | 20 patients | 8 days prior to surgery | 500 or 1000 mg | Reduction in tumor cell proliferation, indicated by reduction in Ki-67 staining | Beneficial | 37 |
| Multiple myeloma | 24 patients, phase 2 trial | ~4 months | 5.0 g SRT501 | NA | Severe adverse events | 27 |
| Breast cancer | 39 patients, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial | 3 months | 5 or 50 mg twice daily | Decrease in RASSF-1α methylation | Beneficial | 39 |
| Neurological disorders | ||||||
| AD | 119 patients, randomized, placebo-controlled, double blind, multi-site, phase 2 trial | 12 months | 500 mg once daily, with 500 mg dose escalation every 13 weeks, ending with 1000 mg twice daily | Reduced CSF MMP9, increase IL-4, attenuated decline in Aβ42 and Aβ40 | Beneficial | 43 |
| AD | 119 patients, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter, phase 2 trial | 12 months | 500 mg once daily, with 500 mg dose escalation every 13 weeks, ending with 1000 mg twice daily | Attenuated decline in Aβ42 and Aβ40 increased brain volume loss | Beneficial | 44 |
| Ischemic stroke | 312 patients, randomized, placebo-controlled | 60 min after 0–2 h of stroke onset | 2.5 mg resveratrol/kg of body weight | Reduced MMP-9 and MMP-2 | Beneficial | 48 |
| Cardiovascular diseases | ||||||
| Coronary artery disease | 40 patients, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled | 3 months | 10 mg daily | Improved left ventricular systolic and diastolic function; improved FMD; lowered LDL-cholesterol level | Beneficial | 52 |
| Atherosclerosis | 44 healthy subjects, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled | 1 month | 400 mg trans-resveratrol, 400 mg grapeskin extract, 100 mg quercetin | Decreased expression of endothelial cell ICAM, VCAM and IL-8; decreased levels of plasma IFN-γ and insulin | Beneficial | 53 |
| Hypertension | 18 patients, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover design | 28 days | 330 mg grape seed and skin, 100 mg green tea, 60 mg resveratrol, 60 mg blend of quercetin, ginkgo biloba and bilberry | Reduced diastolic pressure | Beneficial | 56 |
| Inflammation and oxidative stress | 50 healthy adult smokers, double-blind, randomized, crossover design | 3 months | 500 mg daily | Reduced systemic inflammation in airways, decreased CRP release from the liver | Beneficial | 57 |
| Serum glucose and cardiovascular risk factors | 19 schizophrenic male patients, double-blind, randomized, controlled | 1 month | 200 mg daily | No change in body weight, waist circumference, glucose, and total cholesterol | None | 58 |
| Cardiovascular health of overweight and obese subjects | 45 overweight and slightly obese subjects, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover design | 1 month | 150 mg daily | No change in apoA-I concentrations and HDL levels | None | 59 |
| Diabetes | ||||||
| Type 2 diabetes | 14 patients, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover design | 25-week intervention periods with 5-week washout period in between | 500 mg twice daily | No effect on GLP-1 secretion | None | 62 |
| Type 2 diabetes, glycemia | 62 patients, prospective, open-label, randomized, controlled trial | 3 months | 250 mg daily | Improved glycemic control: decreased HbA1c, systolic BP, total cholesterol, and total protein | Beneficial | 63 |
| Type 2 diabetes | 19 patients, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study | 1 month | 5 mg twice daily | Decreased insulin resistance, decreased blood glucose, delayed glucose peaks after meals, urinary orthotyrosine excretion | Beneficial | 64 |
| IGT | 10 patients with mean age 72 ± 3 years, open-label study | 1 month | 1000, 1500, or 2000 mg daily | Decrease in peak postmeal glucose and 3-h glucose, increased insulin sensitivity | Beneficial | 65 |
| NAFLD | ||||||
| NAFLD | 28 patients, randomized, placebo-controlled | 6 months | 1500 mg daily | No change in ALT No improvement in lipid profile or insulin sensitivity | None | 67 |
| NAFLD | 20 patients, randomized, placebo-controlled | 2 months | 3000 mg | No change in insulin resistance or steatosis. Increase in ALT and AST | None | 69 |
| NAFLD | 60 patients, randomized, placebo-controlled, double blind | 3 months | 300 mg twice daily | Reduced AST, ALT, cholesterol, glucose, TNF-α | Beneficial | 70 |
| NAFLD | 50 patients, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled | 3 months | 500 mg (in addition to exercise and healthy diet) | Reduction in ALT, IL-6, NF-κB activity improved lipid profiles | Beneficial | 71 |