Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients according to use of complementary and alternative medicine at 1 year after AMI
| Non-user n=1266 |
CAM adopters n=618 |
Mind-body n=384 |
Biological n=260 |
Manipulative n=91 |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||||
| Age (yrs) | 60.0 ± 12.0 | 59.2 ± 12.4 | 60.0 ± 12.1 | 58.6 ± 12.7 | 56.9 ± 11.2 |
| Male sex | 70.6% | 62.5%1 | 54.7% | 71.5% | 72.5% |
| White race | 71.0% | 65.9%1 | 60.6% | 74.1% | 64.4% |
| Hispanic/Latino | 6.5% | 5.1% | 5.6% | 5.9% | 7.0% |
| Socioeconomomic status | |||||
| High school education | 77.6% | 83.2%1 | 83.7% | 84.8% | 88.9% |
| Married | 55.7% | 52.3% | 47.2% | 60.9% | 51.7% |
| Unemployed | 51.6% | 54.4% | 60.9% | 42.9% | 45.6% |
| No medical insurance | 18.8% | 16.3% | 18.5% | 12.2% | 16.7% |
| Self-reported avoidance of medications due to cost | 2.9% | 2.1% | 2.6% | 1.6% | 2.2% |
| Clinical characteristics | |||||
| Prior AMI | 18.6% | 19.1% | 21.4% | 16.9% | 18.7% |
| Prior bypass graft surgery | 11.6% | 11.3% | 12.5% | 11.2% | 12.1% |
| Prior coronary stenting | 18.6% | 18.1% | 16.1% | 20.8% | 19.8% |
| Chronic heart failure | 7.3% | 7.3% | 9.1% | 5.8% | 4.4% |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 29.4 ± 6.3 | 30.2 ± 6.81 | 30.1 ± 7.0 | 30.4 ± 6.7 | 31.1 ± 7.0 |
| Hematocrit (%) | 41.4 ± 5.5 | 40.8 ± 5.91 | 40.3 ± 6.1 | 41.2 ± 5.7 | 41.7 ± 4.6 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.2 ± 0.9 | 1.2 ± 0.9 | 1.2 ± 1.0 | 1.2 ± 0.7 | 1.2 ± 0.7 |
| Patient Health Questionnaire-9 depression score2 | 4.8 ± 5.1 | 4.9 ± 5.4 | 5.3 ± 5.6 | 4.4 ± 4.9 | 4.2 ± 4.9 |
| Smoking status | |||||
| Current | 39.3% | 38.3% | 40.0% | 34.1% | 31.1% |
| Former | 34.6% | 32.6% | 32.6% | 35.3% | 30.0% |
| Never | 26.0% | 29.0% | 27.4% | 30.6% | 38.9% |
| In-hospital and treatment factors | |||||
| Moderate/severe LV dysfunction | 16.3% | 16% | 16.9% | 14.7% | 13.3% |
| ST-elevation AMI | 43.3% | 41.7% | 38.8% | 48.1% | 36.3% |
| Coronary angiogram | 93.8% | 92.2% | 91.1% | 93.1% | 86.8% |
| Revascularization | 76.0% | 75.6% | 72.4% | 78.1% | 76.9% |
| Participation in cardiac rehabilitation | 35.5% | 40.6% | 36.8% | 47.1% | 45.9% |
Data are reported as mean ± standard deviation or %. For CAM categories, patients reported using more than 1 type of CAM contributing data to more than 1 column. As such, columns are not mutually exclusive, and no statistical comparisons are presented for CAM categories. LV, left ventricular; AMI, acute myocardial infarction
1
p<0.05 comparing CAM non-users and CAM adopters
2
Scores range from 0–27, with higher scores indicating more depressive symptoms and a score of ≥10 corresponding to a level of at least moderate depression.31