Table 3. Comparison of outcomes between baseline to 6-week post-test and 6-month post-test using ANCOVA controlling for baseline performance (N = 60).
| Control (n=30) | Intervention (n=30) | ANCOVA | Effect size | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||||
| Baseline (n=30) | Posttest 1 (n=27) | Posttest2 (n=28) | Baseline (n=30) | Posttest 1 (n=29) | Posttest2 (n=29) | p1 | p2 | d1 | d2 | |
|
| ||||||||||
| Variable | Mean(SD) | Mean(SD) | ||||||||
| NIH Toolbox | ||||||||||
| Speed of Processing | 51 (13.7) | 53.8 (13.8) | 54.3 (11.7) | 51 (14.7) | 56.1 (15.9) | 56.7 (12.3) | .52 | .57 | .16 | .06 |
| Working Memory | 16.3 (2.5) | 16.1 (2.7) | 16.3 (3.4) | 16.4 (2.9) | 16.9 (3.4) | 16.3 (3.4) | .31 | .64 | .24 | .15 |
| Episodic Memory | 461 (92.3) | 384.3 (187.9) | 491.5 (92.3) | 479.2 (101.7) | 494.5 (127.9) | 521.7 (115.1) | .02 | .56 | .55 | .10 |
| Executive Function | 8 (0.9) | 8.1 (0.9) | 8 (0.7) | 7.9 (0.8) | 8.3 (0.8) | 8.3 (0.5) | .19 | <.01 | .36 | .55 |
|
| ||||||||||
| UFOV | ||||||||||
| Subtest 1 | 33.8 (46.1) | 22.2 (15.6) | 20.5 (8.3) | 30.3 (36.7) | 17.6 (1.9) | 17.4 (1.3) | .13 | .06 | .03 | .01 |
| Subtest 2 | 97.2 (102.1) | 58 (62.4) | 48.6 (54.5) | 87.1 (89.1) | 28.2 (25.4) | 39.9 (31.6) | .02 | .52 | .18 | .02 |
| Subtest 3 | 192.7 (110.1) | 174.3 (107.7) | 157.7 (91) | 194 (100.2) | 113 (67) | 119.3 (78.7) | <.01 | .06 | .59 | .36 |
| Subtest 4 | 349.8 (141.8) | 301.1 (140.5) | 312.5 (135.8) | 349.2 (137) | 292.4 (148.7) | 250.9 (137.4) | .76 | .02 | .08 | .61 |
| Sum of Test 1-4 | 673.5 (343.1) | 555.6 (271.6) | 539.3 (245.6) | 660.6 (310.6) | 451.3 (210.3) | 482.4 (236.7) | .06 | .03 | .32 | .38 |
p1: Baseline to Post Test 1; p2: Baseline to Post Test 2
d1: Cohen's D effect size of differences between Baseline and Post Test 1; d2: Cohen's D effect size of differences between Baseline and Post Test 2
p-values in bold text are indicative of significance at p<0.05.