RsmB and H-NS play important roles in the GcpA-dependent Pel regulation. (A) Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of RNA levels of rsmA, pecT, fis, fur, pecS, kdgR, crp, hns and rsmB in D. dadantii wild type and gcpAD418A. The mutant/WT ratio for each gene expression was calculated as described in the Experimental Procedures. (B) Western blot analysis of RsmA protein in D. dadantii strains. Pel production (C and E) and pelD promoter activities (D and F) were tested in D. dadantii strains. Values are a representative of three independent experiments. Three replicates were used in each experiment. Error bars indicate standard errors of the means. Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences of the means (*P< 0.05 or **P<0.01 by Student’s t-test).