Table 2.

Descriptive Characteristics of Key Analysis Variables

	Children of Non- Degreed Mothers	Children of Degreed Mothers
	M (SD)	M (SD)	β	P-Value of Difference
Delay of Gratification (minutes waited)	3.99 (3.08)	5.38 (2.62)	0.45	.001*
Delay of Gratification (categories)
7 minutes	0.45	0.68	0.21	.001*
2 to 7 minutes	0.16	0.12	−0.02	.324
0.333 to 2 minutes	0.16	0.10	−0.06	.012*
< 0.333 minutes	0.23	0.10	−0.13	.001*
Outcome Measures- Grade 1
Achievement Composite	108.42 (13.71)	117.29 (13.47)	0.63	.001*
Behavior Composite	49.15 (8.43)	47.40 (7.87)	−0.18	.008*
Outcome Measures- Age 15
Achievement Composite	101.23 (11.63)	112.72 (13.19)	0.82	.001*
Behavior Composite	47.12 (9.37)	44.50 (8.66)	−0.27	.001*
Observations	552	366

Note. Mean values are presented in each cell, and standard deviations are in parentheses. For the delay of gratification categories (e.g., “< 0.333 minutes”) the proportion of students falling within each category is presented. The sample is split based on mother’s education, and p-values were derived from a series of regressions in which each characteristic was regressed on a dummy for “whether mother graduated from college” and a series of site fixed effects. Values shown in the “β” column represent effect sizes measuring the standardized differences between the two groups.

^*p< .05