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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 May 25.
Published in final edited form as: Psychol Sci. 2018 May 25;29(7):1159–1177. doi: 10.1177/0956797618761661

Table 7.

Correlations Between All Analysis Variables

PANEL 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Gratification Delay (54)
 1 Continuous 1.00
 2 <0.333 min. −0.69 1.00
 3 0.333– 2 min. −0.47 −0.18 1.00
 4 2 to 7 min. −0.07 −0.19 −0.16 1.00
 5 7 min. 0.90 −0.51 −0.43 −0.45 1.00
Related Measures
 6 Self-control (54) 0.24 −0.15 −0.15 −0.03 0.24 1.00
 7 Attention (54) 0.22 −0.18 −0.07 −0.08 0.24 0.15 1.00
 8 Impulsivity (54) −0.30 0.26 0.06 0.05 −0.28 −0.28 −0.26 1.00
Outcome Measures
 9 Achievement (G1) 0.31 −0.26 −0.08 −0.03 0.28 0.33 0.30 −0.27 1.00
 10 Achievement (15) 0.30 −0.25 −0.09 −0.02 0.27 0.32 0.20 −0.23 0.64 1.00
 11 Behavior (G1) −0.08 0.06 0.05 −0.02 −0.07 −0.30 −0.08 0.05 −0.09 −0.11
 12 Behavior (15) −0.06 0.08 0.01 −0.04 −0.04 −0.23 −0.06 0.06 −0.11 −0.13
Demographic Controls
 13 Male −0.05 0.06 −0.02 0.02 −0.05 −0.20 −0.01 0.23 −0.01 0.05
 14 Black −0.25 0.21 0.07 0.05 −0.24 −0.16 −0.12 0.20 −0.29 −0.33
 15 Hispanic −0.03 −0.00 0.06 −0.02 −0.02 −0.04 −0.02 0.03 −0.05 −0.03
 16 Other −0.04 0.00 0.03 0.04 −0.05 −0.00 0.02 −0.02 0.02 0.01
 17 Age 0.03 −0.04 0.03 −0.02 0.02 0.03 0.06 −0.02 0.04 −0.05
 18 Log of Income 0.30 −0.26 −0.08 −0.03 0.27 0.26 0.19 −0.19 0.37 0.40
 19 Mother’s Age 0.20 −0.18 −0.05 −0.00 0.18 0.18 0.12 −0.14 0.22 0.32
 20 Mother’s Ed (yrs) 0.25 −0.19 −0.09 −0.04 0.24 0.27 0.16 −0.20 0.35 0.42
 21 Mother PPVT 0.28 −0.22 −0.09 −0.08 0.28 0.29 0.12 −0.18 0.35 0.48
 22 Site 1 −0.04 0.02 0.00 0.06 −0.06 −0.06 0.06 −0.02 0.03 −0.14
 23 Site 2 0.00 −0.06 0.05 0.01 0.00 0.04 0.03 −0.03 0.06 0.10
 24 Site 3 0.07 −0.05 −0.03 −0.02 0.07 −0.04 0.02 −0.09 −0.04 −0.08
 25 Site 4 −0.00 0.02 −0.01 −0.01 −0.00 0.02 0.04 0.09 −0.02 0.05
 26 Site 5 −0.06 0.02 0.06 −0.00 −0.06 0.02 0.03 0.01 −0.02 −0.05
 27 Site 6 0.03 −0.01 −0.04 −0.01 0.04 0.06 0.04 −0.03 0.04 0.09
 28 Site 7 −0.05 0.04 0.00 0.01 −0.04 −0.02 −0.10 0.12 −0.05 0.02
 29 Site 8 0.06 0.00 −0.05 −0.09 0.09 0.10 −0.00 −0.08 −0.01 0.05
 30 Site 9 −0.04 −0.00 0.04 0.04 −0.06 −0.07 −0.01 0.00 0.05 0.02
 31 Birthweight (g’s) −0.01 0.02 0.01 −0.06 0.02 −0.02 0.05 −0.01 0.11 0.10
 32 Bracken 0.28 −0.22 −0.10 −0.04 0.26 0.32 0.26 −0.29 0.54 0.50
 33 Bayley 0.34 −0.27 −0.08 −0.06 0.31 0.29 0.24 −0.24 0.42 0.39
 34 Temperament −0.08 0.11 0.00 −0.02 −0.06 −0.14 −0.04 0.08 −0.11 −0.12
H.O.M.E. Controls
 35 Learn. Mater. 0.29 −0.23 −0.11 −0.02 0.27 0.31 0.15 −0.23 0.38 0.40
 36 Lang. Stim. 0.21 −0.18 −0.05 −0.04 0.20 0.17 0.08 −0.14 0.25 0.21
 37 Phys. Env. 0.20 −0.13 −0.13 0.02 0.17 0.15 0.13 −0.12 0.23 0.21
 38 Responsivity 0.19 −0.13 −0.08 −0.05 0.20 0.18 0.14 −0.12 0.19 0.17
 39 Academ. Stim. 0.21 −0.17 −0.06 −0.01 0.18 0.15 0.05 −0.15 0.23 0.20
 40 Modeling 0.17 −0.11 −0.06 −0.05 0.16 0.17 0.10 −0.07 0.23 0.25
 41 Variety 0.25 −0.15 −0.14 −0.04 0.24 0.22 0.12 −0.21 0.28 0.29
 42 Acceptance 0.12 −0.07 −0.07 −0.04 0.13 0.21 0.13 −0.17 0.16 0.19
 43 Respons. Emp. 0.20 −0.14 −0.08 −0.05 0.20 0.16 0.12 −0.10 0.20 0.16
54-month Controls
 44 Letter Word (54) 0.28 −0.22 −0.09 −0.03 0.25 0.29 0.25 −0.24 0.60 0.49
 45 App. Prob. (54) 0.37 −0.28 −0.16 −0.01 0.33 0.35 0.32 −0.32 0.62 0.56
 46 Pic. Vocab. (54) 0.28 −0.21 −0.08 −0.09 0.28 0.25 0.22 −0.18 0.42 0.50
 47 Mem. Sent. (54) 0.29 −0.25 −0.09 −0.02 0.26 0.28 0.22 −0.21 0.42 0.43
 48 Inc. Words (54) 0.23 −0.17 −0.08 −0.06 0.22 0.15 0.19 −0.17 0.39 0.34
 49 Internalizing (54) −0.04 0.04 0.02 −0.00 −0.04 −0.17 −0.05 0.08 −0.07 −0.08
 50 Externalizing (54) −0.10 0.07 0.07 −0.02 −0.09 −0.39 −0.07 0.09 −0.10 −0.12

PANEL 2 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

 11 Behavior (G1) 1.00
 12 Behavior (15) 0.55 1.00
Demographic Controls
 13 Male −0.00 −0.04 1.00
 14 Black 0.06 0.00 −0.00 1.00
 15 Hispanic 0.01 0.04 0.03 −0.08 1.00
 16 Other −0.01 −0.01 −0.03 −0.07 −0.05 1.00
 17 Age 0.03 0.04 −0.00 0.03 0.01 −0.04 1.00
 18 Log of Income −0.16 −0.17 −0.02 −0.36 −0.08 −0.01 −0.01 1.00
 19 Mother’s Age −0.18 −0.21 −0.04 −0.28 −0.10 −0.04 −0.04 0.54 1.00
 20 Mother’s Ed (yrs) −0.13 −0.17 −0.04 −0.22 −0.11 −0.03 −0.00 0.61 0.52 1.00
 21 Mother PPVT −0.10 −0.07 −0.01 −0.37 −0.11 −0.09 −0.03 0.49 0.46 0.57
 22 Site 1 0.09 0.07 −0.00 0.11 −0.07 −0.07 −0.03 −0.09 −0.09 −0.06
 23 Site 2 −0.06 −0.07 0.00 −0.11 0.23 −0.01 −0.18 0.16 0.06 0.02
 24 Site 3 0.04 0.02 −0.02 −0.02 0.08 −0.03 0.10 −0.07 −0.05 0.02
 25 Site 4 −0.07 −0.04 0.02 −0.05 −0.04 0.04 0.00 0.05 0.07 −0.04
 26 Site 5 −0.02 −0.02 0.02 0.13 −0.06 −0.02 0.22 −0.05 0.03 0.02
 27 Site 6 −0.07 −0.08 −0.02 0.11 −0.06 −0.01 −0.10 0.12 0.09 0.13
 28 Site 7 −0.02 −0.03 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.14 −0.09 −0.07 −0.08
 29 Site 8 −0.02 0.05 −0.00 −0.05 0.00 0.11 −0.19 0.08 0.10 0.10
 30 Site 9 0.03 0.03 0.01 −0.05 −0.06 −0.05 0.04 −0.06 −0.08 −0.12
 31 Birthweight (g’s) 0.02 0.09 0.12 −0.14 0.04 −0.07 0.01 0.04 0.05 0.07
 32 Bracken −0.09 −0.10 −0.15 −0.32 −0.07 −0.02 0.01 0.45 0.32 0.42
 33 Bayley −0.08 −0.13 −0.17 −0.32 −0.08 −0.01 −0.02 0.40 0.23 0.36
 34 Temperament 0.12 0.15 −0.04 0.17 −0.01 0.05 −0.01 −0.19 −0.19 −0.13
H.O.M.E. Controls
 35 Learn. Mater. −0.10 −0.11 −0.05 −0.39 −0.12 −0.08 0.03 0.49 0.35 0.48
 36 Lang. Stim. −0.01 −0.06 −0.03 −0.11 −0.12 −0.11 0.01 0.27 0.12 0.24
 37 Phys. Env. −0.09 −0.08 0.01 −0.24 0.00 0.01 −0.03 0.28 0.18 0.23
 38 Responsivity −0.09 −0.07 −0.02 −0.22 −0.06 −0.07 −0.09 0.32 0.26 0.28
 39 Academ. Stim. 0.00 −0.01 −0.03 −0.17 −0.09 −0.04 0.01 0.24 0.12 0.25
 40 Modeling −0.07 −0.04 −0.05 −0.15 −0.06 −0.06 −0.05 0.31 0.23 0.33
 41 Variety −0.10 −0.07 −0.03 −0.27 −0.09 −0.05 0.01 0.41 0.27 0.39
 42 Acceptance −0.16 −0.14 −0.05 −0.10 −0.01 0.00 −0.04 0.23 0.21 0.24
 43 Respons. Emp. −0.06 −0.05 −0.02 −0.18 −0.06 −0.04 −0.06 0.31 0.20 0.26
54-month Controls
 44 Letter Word (54) −0.07 −0.07 −0.10 −0.20 −0.08 0.05 −0.01 0.38 0.19 0.38
 45 App. Prob. (54) −0.04 −0.12 −0.10 −0.32 −0.07 0.01 −0.02 0.42 0.28 0.40
 46 Pic. Vocab. (54) −0.09 −0.04 0.10 −0.33 −0.10 −0.01 0.02 0.42 0.32 0.40
 47 Mem. Sent. (54) −0.11 −0.09 −0.04 −0.18 −0.11 0.04 0.02 0.29 0.21 0.28
 48 Inc. Words (54) −0.05 −0.12 −0.00 −0.18 −0.10 0.01 0.03 0.24 0.18 0.24
 49 Internalizing (54) 0.53 0.38 0.03 0.04 −0.01 0.03 0.09 −0.06 −0.09 −0.10
 50 Externalizing (54) 0.63 0.47 −0.08 0.05 0.01 −0.00 0.01 −0.12 −0.13 −0.13

PANEL 3 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

 21 Mother PPVT 1.00
 22 Site 1 −0.10 1.00
 23 Site 2 0.04 −0.10 1.00
 24 Site 3 −0.02 −0.10 −0.11 1.00
 25 Site 4 −0.02 −0.10 −0.11 −0.11 1.00
 26 Site 5 −0.01 −0.11 −0.11 −0.11 −0.11 1.00
 27 Site 6 0.10 −0.10 −0.10 −0.11 −0.10 −0.11 1.00
 28 Site 7 −0.01 −0.11 −0.11 −0.11 −0.11 −0.12 −0.11 1.00
 29 Site 8 0.14 −0.11 −0.11 −0.11 −0.11 −0.12 −0.11 −0.12 1.00
 30 Site 9 −0.11 −0.11 −0.11 −0.11 −0.11 −0.12 −0.11 −0.12 −0.12 1.00
 31 Birthweight (g’s) 0.13 −0.02 0.03 −0.06 0.04 −0.02 −0.03 −0.01 0.03 0.02
 32 Bracken 0.40 −0.05 0.09 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.05 −0.14 0.05 −0.03
 33 Bayley 0.34 −0.05 0.10 −0.02 0.11 0.02 0.02 −0.18 −0.06 −0.01
 34 Temperament −0.19 0.06 −0.08 −0.01 −0.01 −0.04 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03
H.O.M.E. Controls
 35 Learn. Mater. 0.47 −0.06 −0.09 −0.01 −0.04 −0.01 0.08 −0.04 0.00 0.05
 36 Lang. Stim. 0.24 0.06 −0.16 −0.15 −0.20 0.02 0.18 0.01 0.05 0.09
 37 Phys. Env. 0.19 −0.07 −0.06 −0.05 0.03 0.09 0.02 −0.25 −0.05 0.19
 38 Responsivity 0.27 −0.11 −0.01 −0.06 −0.02 −0.11 0.30 −0.30 0.12 0.06
 39 Academ. Stim. 0.24 −0.01 −0.18 −0.06 −0.07 0.04 0.12 −0.11 0.05 0.09
 40 Modeling 0.29 −0.00 0.01 −0.09 −0.08 −0.00 0.15 −0.08 0.03 −0.06
 41 Variety 0.37 0.02 −0.14 −0.06 −0.04 −0.03 0.16 −0.09 0.07 0.08
 42 Acceptance 0.20 −0.10 −0.00 −0.06 0.01 −0.04 0.14 0.04 0.04 −0.14
 43 Respons. Emp. 0.25 0.04 −0.03 −0.07 −0.03 −0.15 0.17 −0.12 0.08 0.02
54-month Controls
 44 Letter Word (54) 0.34 −0.02 0.01 −0.01 0.03 −0.01 0.10 −0.08 0.03 −0.05
 45 App. Prob. (54) 0.43 −0.08 0.03 0.01 0.07 −0.02 0.09 −0.08 0.04 −0.03
 46 Pic. Vocab. (54) 0.48 −0.12 0.01 0.01 0.07 −0.01 0.05 −0.04 0.10 −0.03
 47 Mem. Sent. (54) 0.30 −0.08 −0.06 −0.06 0.07 0.08 0.06 −0.05 0.04 0.03
 48 Inc. Words (54) 0.27 −0.07 −0.06 −0.04 0.02 0.05 0.04 0.00 −0.05 0.13
 49 Internalizing (54) −0.10 0.01 −0.04 −0.02 0.03 0.05 −0.05 0.01 −0.02 −0.03
 50 Externalizing (54) −0.11 0.04 0.01 0.03 −0.03 0.01 −0.03 −0.01 −0.06 0.01

PANEL 4 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

 31 Birthweight (g’s) 1.00
 32 Bracken 0.08 1.00
 33 Bayley 0.06 0.52 1.00
 34 Temperament −0.04 −0.15 −0.12 1.00
H.O.M.E. Controls
 35 Learn. Mater. 0.07 0.47 0.43 −0.12 1.00
 36 Lang. Stim. 0.10 0.28 0.23 −0.04 0.51 1.00
 37 Phys. Env. 0.01 0.25 0.24 −0.08 0.41 0.28 1.00
 38 Responsivity 0.08 0.31 0.25 −0.11 0.38 0.38 0.26 1.00
 39 Academ. Stim. 0.08 0.33 0.26 −0.02 0.55 0.55 0.31 0.33 1.00
 40 Modeling 0.07 0.24 0.24 −0.10 0.37 0.31 0.26 0.28 0.28 1.00
 41 Variety 0.04 0.36 0.37 −0.09 0.56 0.41 0.33 0.33 0.43 0.35
 42 Acceptance 0.05 0.22 0.19 −0.05 0.28 0.20 0.17 0.19 0.14 0.32
 43 Respons. Emp. 0.04 0.24 0.19 −0.12 0.35 0.48 0.26 0.77 0.29 0.27
54-month Controls
 44 Letter Word (54) 0.07 0.61 0.40 −0.08 0.40 0.29 0.23 0.26 0.34 0.23
 45 App. Prob. (54) 0.09 0.57 0.56 −0.13 0.43 0.24 0.27 0.25 0.25 0.18
 46 Pic. Vocab. (54) 0.12 0.46 0.44 −0.12 0.43 0.25 0.23 0.27 0.28 0.21
 47 Mem. Sent. (54) 0.08 0.39 0.43 −0.08 0.31 0.20 0.19 0.17 0.22 0.14
 48 Inc. Words (54) 0.09 0.30 0.36 −0.10 0.30 0.24 0.23 0.16 0.22 0.14
 49 Internalizing (54) 0.04 −0.03 −0.03 0.14 −0.07 −0.04 −0.02 −0.04 0.02 −0.04
 50 Externalizing (54) 0.04 −0.11 −0.05 0.12 −0.12 −0.06 −0.09 −0.10 −0.07 −0.11

PANEL 5 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

 41 Variety 1.00
 42 Acceptance 0.23 1.00
 43 Respons. Emp. 0.28 0.23 1.00
54-month Controls
 44 Letter Word (54) 0.32 0.19 0.21 1.00
 45 App. Prob. (54) 0.31 0.22 0.21 0.58 1.00
 46 Pic. Vocab. (54) 0.38 0.16 0.22 0.46 0.52 1.00
 47 Mem. Sent. (54) 0.30 0.15 0.13 0.42 0.47 0.46 1.00
 48 Inc. Words (54) 0.27 0.11 0.16 0.36 0.45 0.37 0.49 1.00
 49 Internalizing (54) −0.07 −0.07 −0.06 −0.01 −0.04 −0.08 −0.06 −0.04 1.00
 50 Externalizing (54) −0.11 −0.14 −0.11 −0.04 −0.05 −0.09 −0.10 −0.05 0.58 1.00

Note. n=918. All non-missing cases for each pairwise correlation were included. Tables 2 and 3 include the full variable names and labels. The supplementary material presents correlations for all variables shown separately by mother’s education. The “G1” abbreviation stands for “grade 1,” “15” stands for “age 15,” and “54” stands for 54 months.