Table 2.
Summary of drugs screened
| Number | Drug Name | Cumulative Aging Effect | Mechanism | Use | Optimal Concentration |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DB00640 | Adenosine | 2877.17 | Purine nucleoside- energy transfer, signal transduction | Supraventricular tachycardia | |
| DB00242 | Cladribine | 2024.07 | Adenosine deaminase inhibitor | Hairy cell leukemia, b-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia | |
| DB00313 | Valproic Acid | 1858.35 | HDAC inhibitor by selective proteosomal degradation of HDAC2 | Epilepsy, bipolar disorder, migraines | 10uM |
| DB01280 | Nelarabine | 1457.68 | Purine nucleoside analog, DNA synthesis inhibitor | Chemotherapy: T-cell accute lymphoblastic leukemia | 3uM |
| DB00855 | Aminolevulinic acid | 1099.42 | Porphyrin synthesis pathway intermediate, photosensitizer | Photodynamic therapy: bacteria, viral, acne, cancer, etc | |
| DB01421 | Paromomycin | 882.95 | Aminoglycoside antibiotic, inhibit protein synthesis by binding to 16S ribosomal RNA | Antibiotic: Cryptosporidiosis, amoebiasis, leishmaniasis | |
| DB01197 | Captopril | 875.7 | Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor | Hypertension, congestive heart failure | 1uM |
| DB00943 | Zalcitabine | 838.083 | Nucleoside analog, HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NARTI) | HIV/AIDS (rarely used/discontinued) | |
| DB00731 | Nateglinide | 690.6 | Insulin secretagog agent (stimulates insulin secretion) to lower blood glucose | Type II diabetes | |
| DB00199 | Erythromycin | 671.55 | Macrolide antibiotic (wide spectrum) | Wide variety of bacterial infections | 1uM |
| DB00428 | Streptozocin | 660.017 | Glucosamine-nitrosourea derivative, toxic to insulin-producing beta cells | Metastatic cancer of pancreatic islet cells | |
| DB00803 | Colistin | 659.6 | Cyclic cationic decapeptide, antimicrobrial peptide | Last resort antibiotic for multidrug resistent gram-negative bacteria | |
| DB00566 | Succimer | 659.067 | Chelating agent | Treatment of heavy metal poisoning such as lead | |
| DB01398 | Salicylate-sodium | 654.5 | NSAID, related to Aspirin | Analgesic, antipyretic | |
| DB01235 | Levodopa | 602.2 | Precursor to dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine | Parkinson's disease | |
| DB00859 | Penicillamine | 585.267 | Antirheumatic and chelating agent | Wilson's disease, cystinuria, scleroderma, arsenic poisoning | |
| DB00491 | Miglitol | 499.033 | Inhibits glucoside hydrolase enzymes, preventing carbohydrate digestion into glucose | Anti-diabetic drug | |
| DB03166 | Acetic acid | 496.333 | Weak organic acid | Broad spectrum antiseptic, otitis externa, screening for cervial cancer | |
| DB06775 | Carglumic acid | 477 | Treats hyperammonaemia | Treats N-acetyleglutamate deficiency | 5uM |
| DB01092 | Ouabain | 469.117 | Selective Na+/K+, -ATPase inhibitor, binds to a2/a3 subunits | Hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias, heart failure | |
| DB00584 | Enalapril | 463.5 | Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor | Hypertension, diabetic nephropathy, chronic heart failure | |
| DB00530 | Erlotinib | 451.5 | EGFR inhibitor | Non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer | |
| DB01080 | Vigabatrin | 447.067 | Irreversible GABA transaminase inhibitor | Epilepsy, panic disorder | |
| DB00602 | Ivermectin | 407.933 | Antiparasitic: Glutamate-gated chloride channel activator | Nematodes, head lice, scabies, river blindness, strongyloidiasis, etc | 1uM |
| DB00175 | Pravastatin | 403.933 | HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor against sterol synthesis | Lower cholesterol, weight loss, preventing cardiovascular disease | 0.5uM |
| DB00681 | Amphotericin B | 387.283 | Amphipathic polyene antibiotic, permeabilizes ergosterol-containing membranes | Anti-fungal drug | |
| DB00676 | Benzyl Benzoate | 384.5 | Toxicant to the nervous system of mites | Scabies | |
| DB00789 | Gadopentetate dimeglumine | 382.167 | Nonionic Gd3+ chelate | MRI Contrast agent | 3uM |
| DB00461 | Nabumetone | 368.05 | NSAID, COX2 inhibitor | Pain, inflammation | |
| DB01101 | Capecitabine | 317.583 | Tumor-selective fluoropyrimidine carbamate | Chemotherapy: colorectal, breast, gastric, oesophageal cancers | |
| DB00410 | Mupirocin | 313.933 | Isoleucyl t-RNA synthetase inhibitor | Bacterial skin infections, MRSA | 3uM |
| DB00841 | Dobutamine | 308.7 | B1-adrenoceptor receptor agonist | Heart failure, cardiogenic shock |
FDA-Approved Drugs Tested for Anti-aging Effects Fall 2016
Number refers to a drug’s DrugBank number. Cumulative aging effect is the summed strength of the life extension effects from the GenAge database. This provides an estimate of the “maximum average lifespan change” for each gene as % effect on lifespan. For example, the C. elegans let-363 gene extends worm lifespan by about 150%. A rotifer target mapped to this gene will receive an aging effect of 150. The Cumulative aging effect for a drug is the sum of all of these effects for all putative rotifer protein targets. Optimal concentration is the experimentally determined drug concentration that produced significantly longer lifespan or healthspan. Purple highlighting—enhanced survival in primary screen, black highlighting—enhanced survival in secondary screen, green highlighting—enhanced survival in primary and secondary screens and life table experiments