Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Nursing Home Residents with Advanced Dementia and their Proxies
| Characteristics | SPREAD and EVINCE combined (N=764)a |
SPREAD (N=362) | EVINCE (N=402) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Resident | |||
| Age (years), mean ± standard deviation | 86.6 ± 7.3 | 86.5 ± 7.3 | 86.7 ± 7.4 |
| Age > 87 (median) | 362 (47.4) | 174 (48.1) | 188 (46.8) |
| Female, % | 631 (82.6) | 308 (85.1) | 323 (80.3) |
| White (vs other), % | 685 (89.7) | 335 (92.5) | 350 (87.1) |
| Alzheimer’s disease (vs other), % | 552 (72.3) | 269 (74.3) | 283 (70.4) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, % | 90 (11.8) | 42 (11.6) | 48 (11.9) |
| Congestive heart failure, % | 120 (15.7) | 63 (17.4) | 57 (14.2) |
| Diabetes, % | 146 (19.1) | 67 (18.5) | 79 (19.7) |
| TSI = 0 (vs greater than 0), %b | 412 (53.9) | 222 (61.3) | 190 (47.3) |
| BANS-S, mean ± standard deviationc | 20.6 ± 2.8 | 21.2 ± 2.7 | 20.1 ± 2.8 |
| BANS-S > 21 (median) | 328 (42.9) | 182 (50.3) | 146 (36.3) |
| Enrolled in hospice | 105 (13.7) | 31 (8.6) | 74 (18.4) |
| Died during 12 month follow-up, % | 310 (40.6) | 135 (37.3) | 175 (43.5) |
| Proxy | |||
| Age (years), mean ± standard deviationd | 61.4 ± 10.6 | 60.4 ± 10.3 | 62.3 ± 10.8 |
| Age > 61 (median) | 348 (45.6) | 153 (42.3) | 195 (48.5) |
| Female, % | 492 (64.4) | 226 (62.4) | 266 (66.2) |
| Years as proxy, mean ± standard deviationd | 8.8 ± 6.3 | 8.1 ± 5.7 | 9.4 ± 6.8 |
| Child of resident (vs other), % | 489 (64.0) | 233 (64.4) | 256 (63.7) |
| Prognostic estimates of resident survival, % | |||
| <1 month | 10 (1.3) | 3 (0.8) | 7 (1.7) |
| 1–6 months | 75 (9.8) | 29 (8.0) | 46 (11.4) |
| 7–12 months | 148 (19.4) | 59 (16.3) | 89 (22.1) |
| >12 months | 477 (62.4) | 240 (66.3) | 237 (59.0) |
| Don’t know or refused to answer | 54 (7.1) | 31 (8.6) | 23 (5.7) |
a
SPREAD = the Study of Pathogen Resistance and Exposure to Antimicrobials in Dementia; EVINCE = the Educational Video to Improve Nursing home Care in End-stage dementia.
b
TSI = Test for Severe Impairment, range 0–24, lower scores indicate greater cognitive impairment.
c
BANS-S = Bedford Alzheimer’s Nursing Severity-Subscale, range 7–28, higher scores indicate more functional disability.
d
Data missing for proxy age (N=10) and years as proxy (N=5).